Hypertension is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the prevalence of hypertension increases as overall kidney function deteriorates, ranging from 60 to 100 % depending on the population studied [1]. This chapter will specifically discuss the role of central blood pressure (BP) monitoring, home BP monitoring (HBPM), and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) in the CKD population.
Central BP Monitoring in CKDFor over a century, the gold standard for BP measurement has been the peripheral brachial BP by conventional sphygmomanometry. Despite being a traditional predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk [2], peripheral brachial BP does not accurately represent central aortic pressure which is intuitively more relevant to the true BP burden experienced by the major organs. While the mean and diastolic BP remain mostly unchanged, the systolic BP and pulse pressure (the difference between the systolic and diastolic BP) are amplified from the aortic root to the peripheral brachial artery. Central aortic BP and arterial compliance can now be reliably assessed using noninvasive applanation tonometry [3] and the reproducibility of these measurements has been confirmed in the CKD population [4][5][6]. Emerging data suggest that measurements of central aortic BP and arterial compliance may be more robust