Impact of heavy traffic on soil macroporosity of two silty forest soils: Initial effect and short-term recovery

Soil aeration and soil water tension in skidding trails during three years after trafficking

“…That is in line with findings of Bottinelli et al (2014) in siltic luvisols where the soil structure regeneration in the first 2-3 years was restricted to the upper soil and did not reach into depth below 7 cm. Aust et al (1995) observed strong effects on rust depth at iron rods in rutted (puddled) skid trails but only marginal effects in trails that were only compacted without soil bulging.…”

Structural recovery in three selected forest soils after compaction by forest machines in Lower Saxony, Germany

“…However, the parameter bulk density cannot indicate destruction of pore continuity or recovery of the pore system. Furthermore, swelling/ shrinking, earthworm activity and root penetration are assumed to be the most important drivers of soil structure recovery (Beylich et al, 2010;Bottinelli et al, 2014;Greacen and Sands, 1980;Meyer et al, 2014). The restructuring of the soil directly linked to these processes takes place on a scale of a few millimetres to centimetres.…”

“…When forest vehicles destroy the soil structure, its recovery depends on various physical and biological processes. The key biological factors of recovery are plant-root penetration (the growth and decay of roots) (Bottinelli et al, 2014;Meyer et al, 2014), and faunal activity (e. g. earthworms) (Beylich et al, 2010). Shrink-swell-and freeze-thaw-cycles are the most important physical soil processes, whereby shrinking and swelling is restricted to soils with high clay content.…”

“…Shrink-swell-and freeze-thaw-cycles are the most important physical soil processes, whereby shrinking and swelling is restricted to soils with high clay content. Freeze-thaw-cycles occur on soils with a high water holding capacity and in regions where winter temperatures induce soil freezing for a longer period of time (Bottinelli et al, 2014). Consequently, the extent to which the compacted soil will recover depends on the soil type.…”

Efectos de las actividades de labranza en el índice de área foliar en una plantación de Tectona grandis en la zona norte de Costa Rica

“…Por su parte Engler et al (2016), con plantaciones dendroenergéticas de Eucalipto, encontró aumento en la productividad de biomasa y de IAF de 10% a 15% en suelos labrados. Bottinelli et al (2014) con especies de eucalipto y pino obtuvieron aumento en la homogeneidad de las plantaciones y mejoras en el desarrollo diamétrico a siete años de la labranza del suelo a 30 cm de profundidad. Sin embargo, de los estudios realizados no se han encontrado investigaciones puntuales con T. grandis que relacionen la labranza del suelo y el IAF como indicador de desarrollo.…”