Impact of groundwater contamination on human health

Section: ) Groundwater Pollution and Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Modern Hydrogeology: Promoting Harmony between Nature and Humanity

Li,

Wu,

Elumalai

2024

“…These processes involve complex interactions between water and the geological materials through which it passes, shaping the overall chemical composition of groundwater [15]. These geogenic pollutants can pose risks to human health and the environment if present in groundwater at elevated concentrations [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Groundwater Quality through Hydrochemistry Using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Water Quality Index (WQI) in Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey

Arıman,

Soydan-Oksal,

Beden

et al. 2024

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and spatial distribution of groundwater in the Kızılırmak Delta of Turkey and to evaluate the suitability of groundwater in the Kızılırmak Delta for drinking water use through a Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment. Eleven water parameters, including nitrate (NO3−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3−), sulfate (SO42−), hardness (measured as CaCO3), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were analyzed to determine the water quality of each groundwater sample. The WQI was determined using the weighted arithmetic index method and the method specified by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). The spatial distribution of the result for all observation wells was plotted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was generated utilizing the analytical data from eleven selected samples. As a result of the study, according to the calculated WQI values, the water in most of the wells was not suitable for drinking purposes. The minimum Ca2+ concentration in the study area was 108,817 mg/L, and the maximum was 692,382 mg/L, which showed that the samples in all wells exceeded the WHO limit. The same situation is valid for Mg2+, and the values vary between 100.383 and 5183.026 mg/L. From the spatial distribution of the water quality parameters it has been understood that the eastern part of the region is more suitable than the western part for drinking purposes. The results from correlation analysis showed the strongest positive correlation between Mg2+ and Na+ and Na+ and EC as 0.989. The present study shows that the groundwater of the delta, which has deteriorating water quality, should be treated before it is used for drinking water and protected from contamination hazards.

“…Remi et al analyzed the characteristics of groundwater hydrochemical evolution by using mathematical statistics, Piper and Gibbs diagrams, ion ratio analysis, and mineral stability field maps, as well as reverse hydrogeochemical simulation, in the Aksu plain region of Xinjiang [19]. Multivariate statistical analysis of minor and trace elements in water samples shows that groundwater quality is mainly controlled by geological factors, followed by human influence [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics-Based Evolution of Groundwater in Tailan River Basin, Xinjiang, China

Liu,

Lu,

Yin

et al. 2023

Groundwater plays an important role in ecological environment protection in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of hydrochemical evolution is of great significance for the sustainable use of groundwater in the area of the Tailan River Basin. The Tailan River Basin is located in an arid, ecologically sensitive area in western China. In this study, we collected 42 groups of representative water samples from the Tailan River Basin and analyzed the chemical distribution in the groundwater using mathematical statistics, Piper and Gibbs diagrams, ion ratio analysis, and hydrogeochemical simulation methods. We also discussed the water–rock interactions in the groundwater hydrochemical evolutionary process. The results were as follows: (1) The chemical types of groundwater changed from HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na to SO4·Cl-Na·Ca, Cl·SO4-Na, and Cl-Na, and the total dissolved solids content increased from less than 1 g/L to more than 40 g/L from the gravel plain to the fine soil plain. (2) The Gibbs diagram, the ion ratio analysis, and the saturation index showed that the groundwater chemical characteristics in the study area were mainly controlled by water–rock interactions, as well as evaporation and concentration. Along the runoff of groundwater, halite and gypsum were dissolved. Nevertheless, dolomite and calcite precipitated. The relationship between the chlor-alkali index and [(Na+ + K+)-Cl−] and [(Ca2+ + Mg2+)-(HCO3− + SO42−)] indicated that cation exchange also affects the chemical composition of groundwater in the area. (3) Through reverse hydrogeochemical simulation, the main water–rock effect of the groundwater runoff process revealed by qualitative analysis was quantitatively verified.