Impact of graphic and text warnings on cigarette packs: findings from four countries over five years

Borland, Ron; Wilson, Nick; Fong, Geoffrey T.; Hammond, David; Cummings, K. Michael; Hh, Yong; Hosking, Warwick; Hastings, Gerard; Thrasher, James F.; McNeill, Ann

doi:10.1136/tc.2008.028043

Cited by 301 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

275

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Along with the effort to avoid the PHWs (avoidance), previous attempt to quit smoking, level of worrying about health consequences and always read the PHWs were also associated with intention to quit. The association between those factors and intention to quit has also been observed in other studies (Hammond et al, 2003;Borland R et al, 2009a;Borland R et al, 2009b;Feng et al, 2010;Panda et al, 2014). A smoker who attempted to quit in the past but failed may obtain new motivation from the PHWs and want to try again.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Results from studies in both high, middle and low income countries indicated that pictorial health warnings (PHWs) have significantly higher effectiveness compared to text-only warnings (Nguyen Ngoc Bich and Do Minh Son, 2006;O'Hegarty et al, 2007;Borland R et al, 2009a;Vardavas et al, 2009;Fathelrahman et al, 2010;EltonMarshall et al, 2015;Sychareun et al, 2015). This is the reason why, in FCTC, WHO also recommends the Member Parties to use large pictorial health warnings instead of text-based warnings (World Health Organization, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers' Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time

Ngan

Anh²,

et al. 2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Printing of pictorial health warnings (PHWs) on cigarette packages became obligatory by the Vietnam Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harm in May 2013. Literature from high-income countries suggests that PHWs motivate smokers to quit smoking although their long-term effects have been questioned due to reduction of impact over time. This study aimed to assess the salience of PHWs and smokers' reactions towards PHWs over time. In May 2014 and May 2015, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based household survey was administered to respectively 1,462 and 1,509 Vietnamese male smokers aged 18 to 35. The result showed that salience of the PHWs 2 years after the implementation was higher than at the point of 1 year after the implementation. The proportion of respondents who tried to avoid noting the PHWs was reduced from 35% in wave 1 to 23% in wave 2. However, "Tried to avoid looking/thinking about the PHWs" increased 1.5 times the odds of presenting quit intention compared to those respondents who did not try to avoid looking/thinking about the PHWs (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). In conclusion, avoidance regarding PHWs may not work as a barrier when aiming at a higher level of quit intention. Salience of the PHWs may increase in the period shortly after their introduction onto packs but can be expected to decrease with time. In other words, it might be advisable to change or renew PHWs after a period of implementation to maintain their beneficial effects.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers' Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time

Ngan

Anh²,

et al. 2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Evidence from Canada suggests smokers' responses to pictorial health warnings declined slightly between 2002 to 2006. 2 Discussions with smokers also suggest that, while these warnings have a strong initial impact, smokers may become accustomed to them. 24 These findings suggest new messages should be regularly introduced to maintain warning salience and incorporate new research evidence.…”

Section: Tobacco Warnings In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] In our own region, findings from Australia 2,5,6 and New Zealand 7,8 indicate that pictorial health warnings have improved knowledge of smoking harms and cessation-related behaviours. These health warnings are a highly cost-effective intervention for governments, since the tobacco industry pays production costs and tax payers fund only policy development work and associated costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from New Zealand’s introduction of pictorial health warnings on tobacco packaging

Hoek

Wilson

Allen³

et al. 2010

Bull. World Health Organ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬ Abstract While international evidence suggests that featuring pictorial health warnings on tobacco packaging is an effective tobacco control intervention, the process used to introduce these new warnings has not been well documented. We examined relevant documents and interviewed officials responsible for this process in New Zealand. We found that, despite tobacco companies' opposition to pictorial health warnings and the resource constraints facing health authorities, the implementation process was generally robust and successful. Potential lessons for other countries planning to introduce or refresh existing pictorial health warnings include: (i) strengthening the link between image research and policy; (ii) requiring frequent image development and refreshment; (iii) using larger pictures (e.g. 80% of the front of the packet); (iv) developing themes that recognize concerns held by different smoker sub-groups; and (v) running integrated mass media campaigns when the warnings are introduced.

show abstract

“…Someone who reads text warnings about the dangers of smoking, for example, may be less inhibited about it than someone who is repeatedly exposed to graphic images of smoking's ill effects (Borland et al 2009). Similarly, reasoning about the comparative safety of flying and driving will often do little to help a person who is truly afraid of flying but not driving.…”

Section: Dangerousness Judgments and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitivism, Motivation, and Dual-Process Approaches to Normative Judgment

Cline¹

2017

Ergo, an Open Access Journal of Philosophy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A central source of support for expressivist accounts of normative discourse is the intimate relationship between normative judgment and motivation. expressivists argue that normative judgments must be noncognitive, desire-like states in order to be so tightly linked with motivation. Normative statements are then construed as expressions of these noncognitive states. in this paper, i draw on dual-process models in cognitive psychology to respond to this argument. According to my proposal, normative judgments are ordinary beliefs that are typically produced by two kinds of process: intuitive-affective processes and domain-general reasoning. When produced by the first kind of process, motivation and judgment tend to align. When produced by the second kind, motivation and judgment might not align. Since the first kind of process is the most common pathway of normative belief formation, normative judgments are typically accompanied by aligning motivation. This proposal enables cognitivists to explain the intimate link between normative judgment and motivation, thereby removing the major obstacle to interpreting normative statements truth-conditionally.

show abstract

Impact of graphic and text warnings on cigarette packs: findings from four countries over five years

Cited by 301 publications

References 24 publications

Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers' Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time

Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers' Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time

Lessons from New Zealand’s introduction of pictorial health warnings on tobacco packaging

Cognitivism, Motivation, and Dual-Process Approaches to Normative Judgment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About