Impact of genotype and parent origin on the efficacy and optimal timing of GA4/7 stem injections in a lodgepole pine seed orchard

Abstract

Seed orchards play a critical role in reforestation, but often struggle to consistently produce enough seed. A mixture of the less polar gibberellins, GA 4 and GA 7 , has been shown to promote flowering in Pinaceae species, but the responses vary significantly based on species, genotype and provenance, application method, timing and dosage. Previous studies with lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) suggest that the response to exogenous GA 4/7 varied among genotypes. Gibberellins also play a critical role in seed development and germination but it remains unclear how exogenous GA 4/7 will affect seed quality. We used 25 lodgepole pine genotypes in a commercial seed orchard in Alberta, Canada to explore the impact of genotype and geographic origin on the efficacy and optimal timing of GA 4/7 stem injections to promote female cone bud initiation, cones and seed production. Overall, we found that GA 4/7 stem injections promoted female conelets in 40% of genotypes included in this study. For these 10 genotypes, we found that the latitude of their provenance was positively correlated with later effective application times. Of the remaining 15 genotypes, five were hypersensitive to exogenous GA 4/7 showing needle discolouration and loss, and 10 genotypes showed no response. In general, steminjected GA 4/7 did not affect the number of seeds per cone while two genotypes showed a reduced seed yield and one genotype showed increased seed yield per cone. Seed weights were not affected by the stem-injected GA 4/7 , while the July application date resulted in higher germination rates compared to control trees.

The VIS-Spectrometric Data of Scots Pine Individual Seed Reveal Forecasting Potential for Container-Grown Germination and Seedling’s Dickson Quality Index

“…For each seed from three sets (total number of seeds N = 1200), the dimensions, weight, area, volume of the ellipsoid were measured according to the methodology developed on the basis of [4,5,235] and placed in transparent pockets under an individual number.…”