Impact of gender-affirming care bans on transgender and gender diverse youth: Parental figures’ perspective.

Abreu, Roberto L.; Sostre, Jules P.; Gonzalez, Kirsten A.; Lockett, Gabriel M.; Matsuno, Em; Mosley, Della V.

doi:10.1037/fam0000987

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Moreover, in alignment with recent studies on the effects of the bills from the perspective of parents of transgender youth (Abreu et al, 2021 , 2022 ; Kidd et al, 2021 ), qualitative themes also revealed that transgender youth and young adults had been impacted by the legislation in a host of ways, including mental health consequences, a decreased willingness to seek medical care of any kind, increased discrimination and other maltreatment, and heightened fears about disclosing their identities. Confirming prior findings (Meier et al, 2011 ; Tordoff et al, 2022 ), respondents also expressed that access to gender-affirming care has been integral for their mental health and that not having access would increase negative mental health symptoms and the risk of suicide.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The gender minority stress model was created to capture the various identity-related stressors that gender minorities (i.e., transgender, non-binary, and genderqueer people) experience and this model proposes that forms of systemic oppression, including policies that restrict the rights of gender minorities, are critical antecedents to the health and well-being of gender minorities (Hendricks & Testa, 2012 ; Testa et al, 2015 ). Applying this to the current context, as Abreu et al ( 2022 ) argued, “the antitransgender laws and bills being proposed and passed across the United States have contributed to structural stigma and gender minority stress for TGD [transgender] youth” (p. 3). Furthermore, the gender minority stress model also emphasizes the role of social support in the stress process such that getting affirmation for one’s identity from friends and family can improve outcomes (Testa et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Legislation As a Mega-threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early evidence on the effects of the recent legislation on the parents of transgender youth confirms the notion that the bills can cause indirect harm. Parents of transgender youth have expressed increased fears that the bills would worsen their children's mental health as well as increase their risk for suicide and discrimination (Abreu et al, 2022;Kidd et al, 2021). Moreover, parents also reported an increase in personal emotional distress in response to the legislation (Abreu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Legislation As a Mega-threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Have You Heard the News? The Effects of Exposure to News About Recent Transgender Legislation on Transgender Youth and Young Adults

Dhanani

Totton

2023

Sex Res Soc Policy

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Introduction Over the last 3 years, there has been a proliferation of legislation aimed at restricting the rights of transgender Americans, including their access to gender-affirming health care. While the health implications of not having access to gender-affirming care are well documented, there may be additional indirect harms associated with proposing this type of legislation, such as those associated with being exposed to negative messages about transgender people or having to contend with friends and family who support the legislation. Methods This study was conducted between September and November 2021 and used a mixed-methods design to examine the implications of consuming news related to the recently proposed legislation as well as perceiving that people in one’s social network support such legislation on the health and well-being of transgender youth and young adults ( n = 113). Results Results showed that news consumption was associated with increased rumination and physical health symptoms and that perceived support for the legislation was associated with greater rumination, depressive symptoms, physical health symptoms, and fear of disclosing one’s identity. Themes from the open-ended questions further underscored that the current legislation has impacted transgender youth and young adults’ access to general health care; increased experiences of discrimination and other maltreatment; and resulted in some respondents engaging in unhealthy coping responses. Conclusions and Policy Implications Policy makers should consider these adverse consequences when responding to current, and crafting future, legislation directed at transgender Americans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Legislation As a Mega-threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Legislation As a Mega-threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Have You Heard the News? The Effects of Exposure to News About Recent Transgender Legislation on Transgender Youth and Young Adults

Dhanani

Totton

2023

Sex Res Soc Policy

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“…For example, antitransgender legislation targeting youth is increasing, with more than 300 anti-LGBTQ+ pieces of legislation being considered across the United States as of September 2022 (Anti-LGBTQ+ Bills in 2022Bills in , 2022. Anti-LGBTQ+ legislation has been found to have negative effects on the health and well-being of GM individuals (Horne et al, 2022) and is a particular concern for GM youth and their parents (Abreu et al, 2022;Barbee et al, 2022). Therefore, when GM youth encounter minority stressors in their daily lives, they are doing so within the context of a broader society that is not structured to support them and, in some places, is actively working to undermine them.…”

Section: Minority Stress Theory and Intersectionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the minority stress model across gender identity, race, and ethnicity among U.S. gender minority adolescents.

Jardas¹,

Ladd²,

Maheux³

et al. 2023

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

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Gender minority (GM) youth are at heightened risk for psychopathology, purportedly due to their experiences of GM stressors. However, few studies have examined how GM stressors are associated with depression and anxiety among GM youth. Furthermore, no prior studies have investigated how experiences of GM stressors differ across gender identity and race/ethnicity within a diverse sample of GM youth. A nationwide online cross-sectional survey of 1,943 fourteen-to 18-year-old GM adolescents (66.91% White, 11.73% multiracial, 8.49% Latinx, 7.10% Black, 3.09% Asian, 1.49% American Indian/Alaskan Native) in the United States assessed GM stressors (prejudice events, expectations of rejection, internalized transnegativity, and concealment) and mental health. Structural equation modeling was used to examine how GM stressors and depressive and anxiety symptoms differ across gender identity and race/ethnicity. Higher levels of each GM stressor were related to higher depressive symptoms. Prejudice events, expectations of rejection, and concealment were related to higher anxiety symptoms. Transmasculine and transfeminine youth reported higher levels of GM prejudice events and expectations of rejection, and higher mental health symptoms, than nonbinary youth. Findings were relatively consistent across racial/ethnic identities, with the exception that Black GM adolescents reported fewer GM prejudice events and expectations of rejection and indirectly exhibited lower mental health symptoms as compared to White GM youth. Researchers and clinicians should be attuned to how intersectional identities are related to stress and mental health among diverse GM youth. Recommendations for individual and structural-level interventions are discussed. General Scientific SummaryGender minority youth are at heightened risk for depression and anxiety compared to cisgender peers. This study supports the theory that mental health symptoms among gender minority youth are associated with unique stressful experiences related to having a marginalized gender identity during adolescence. Risk for these stressful experiences and related mental health symptoms vary by gender identity and, to some extent, race/ethnicity.

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“…In two additional studies that focused on parents’ perceptions of how their TGD child is impacted by proposed legislation banning GAMC, parents described worrying about their child’s mental health worsening and the increased likelihood that they will experience violence and discrimination (Abreu et al, 2022; Kidd et al, 2021). When reflecting on the impact of the 2016 election, TGD adults reported similar concerns about safety and discrimination.…”

Section: Impact Of the Sociopolitical Context On Mental Health And We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting and advocating for transgender and gender diverse youth and their families within the sociopolitical context of widespread discriminatory legislation and policies.

Kuper¹,

Cooper²,

Mooney³

2022

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology

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Objective: The aims of this commentary are to: (a) provide an overview of the current sociopolitical context experienced by transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth and caregivers, (b) summarize the research that has been conducted about how the sociopolitical context impacts the mental health and wellbeing of TGD youth and caregivers, (c) discuss the clinical implications of these findings, and (d) identify steps mental health providers can take to be advocates for TGD youth and their families. Methods: Authors include a psychologist and adolescent medicine physician working within a multidisciplinary gender program for youth and a psychologist in independent practice who specializes in working with LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer) youth, especially TGD youth. Clinical implications and advocacy steps were informed by our synthesis of the research literature as well as our own experiences working within the field of TGD health. Results: TGD youth and families have identified a range of stressors and coping strategies associated with the sociopolitical climate. Existing guides to clinical practice with TGD people can be adapted to incorporate these findings. We propose a “menu” of advocacy steps for providers to consider. Conclusions: Awareness of the larger sociopolitical context is crucial to providing high quality care to TGD youth and their families. By participating in advocacy efforts, mental health providers can have a unique and meaningful impact on the social and structural factors that impact the mental health and wellbeing of this population. Ethical principles within the field of psychology highlight how advocacy efforts are an important component of practice.

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Impact of gender-affirming care bans on transgender and gender diverse youth: Parental figures’ perspective.

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Have You Heard the News? The Effects of Exposure to News About Recent Transgender Legislation on Transgender Youth and Young Adults

Have You Heard the News? The Effects of Exposure to News About Recent Transgender Legislation on Transgender Youth and Young Adults

Testing the minority stress model across gender identity, race, and ethnicity among U.S. gender minority adolescents.

Supporting and advocating for transgender and gender diverse youth and their families within the sociopolitical context of widespread discriminatory legislation and policies.

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