Impact of Fuel Sulfur on Gasoline and Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Hochhauser, Albert M.; Schleyer, Charles H.; Yeh, L. I.; Rickeard, David J.

doi:10.4271/2006-01-3370

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The presence of a catalyst in the CRT increases sulfate emissions because of a higher S IV to S VI conversion efficiency. S IV to S VI conversion efficiency of 2–3% is determined from literature , for a diesel engine without a CRT and 40–60% for a diesel engine with a CRT. Black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) composition also changes with a CRT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality and Climate Impacts of Alternative Bus Technologies in Greater London

Chong

Yim

Barrett

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The environmental impact of diesel-fueled buses can potentially be reduced by the adoption of alternative propulsion technologies such as lean-burn compressed natural gas (LB-CNG) or hybrid electric buses (HEB), and emissions control strategies such as a continuously regenerating trap (CRT), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), or selective catalytic reduction with trap (SCRT). This study assessed the environmental costs and benefits of these bus technologies in Greater London relative to the existing fleet and characterized emissions changes due to alternative technologies. We found a >30% increase in CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions for CNG buses, a <5% change for exhaust treatment scenarios, and a 13% (90% confidence interval 3.8-20.9%) reduction for HEB relative to baseline CO2e emissions. A multiscale regional chemistry-transport model quantified the impact of alternative bus technologies on air quality, which was then related to premature mortality risk. We found the largest decrease in population exposure (about 83%) to particulate matter (PM2.5) occurred with LB-CNG buses. Monetized environmental and investment costs relative to the baseline gave estimated net present cost of LB-CNG or HEB conversion to be $187 million ($73 million to $301 million) or $36 million ($-25 million to $102 million), respectively, while EGR or SCRT estimated net present costs were $19 million ($7 million to $32 million) or $15 million ($8 million to $23 million), respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality and Climate Impacts of Alternative Bus Technologies in Greater London

Chong

Yim

Barrett

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…These trends are confirmed by other studies conducted on more modern fleets of cars which conform to more stringent emissions standards. 36–38 In fact, the percentage deterioration in the emissions performance is much more marked when sulphur is increased in modern cars than in the older AQIRP and EPEFE tests, since the baseline in modern cars is low. Sulphur also adversely affects the oxygen sensors.…”

Section: Additional Fuel Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel requirements of spark ignition engines

Kalghatgi

Stone

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This paper reviews the fundamental requirements of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for spark ignition engines, namely that the fuel should vaporise satisfactorily and burn in a controlled manner. The phenomenon of knock and the development of the octane scale are discussed. The variation in the pressure–time histories for different engines is discussed, together with the reason why this leads to different fuel requirements. The difference in the octane rating tests and the way in which engine downsizing exacerbates these differences in the pressure–time histories are discussed. The applicability of the research octane number and the motor octane number to modern engines is reviewed, together with the phenomena of low-speed pre-ignition and superknock. The effects of the hydrocarbon fuel distillation characteristics on the driveability and the emissions are reviewed and discussed with respect to the historical context and the current legislative requirements. Brief mention is made of other fuel requirements such as the density, the gum content and the aromatic content.

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Regulated and unregulated emissions from a light-duty diesel engine with different sulfur content fuels

Tan

Lou

2009

Fuel

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Impact of Fuel Sulfur on Gasoline and Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Air Quality and Climate Impacts of Alternative Bus Technologies in Greater London

Air Quality and Climate Impacts of Alternative Bus Technologies in Greater London

Fuel requirements of spark ignition engines

Regulated and unregulated emissions from a light-duty diesel engine with different sulfur content fuels

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