Impact of Fuel Additives on Diesel Injector Deposits

Leedham, Angela; Caprotti, Rinaldo; Graupner, Olaf; Klaua, Thomas

doi:10.4271/2004-01-2935

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…al. [6][7][8] show that an increasing amount of zinc leads to increasing amounts of deposits. The amounts of deposits are assessed by the power loss of the engine and fuel flow loss at a constant injector pulse width, see Figure 4.…”

Section: Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Versions of this type of test were used in references e.g. by [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Hawthorne et al [15] comment on the severity of the test conditions of the DW10 test procedure relative to what is encountered in the field.…”

Section: Test Cycles and Optical Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al. [6][7][8] discuss the influence of the fuel composition on deposits in modern diesel injector systems. These papers describe several tests to evaluate the development of deposits in injectors with the dependence of the diesel fuel quality as a main influence.…”

Section: Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to increase and accelerate the build-up of deposits different amounts of soluble zinc were added to the fuel and a defined test procedure was performed. This was done since laboratory and field tests showed that some acid-based fuel additives force the uptake of zinc out of the fuelling system components of cars [6].…”

Section: Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Deposit Formation in the Holes of Diesel Injector Nozzles: A Critical Review

Birgel¹,

Ladommatos²,

Aleiferis³

et al. 2008

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Current developments in fuels and emissions regulations are resulting in increasingly severe operating environment for the injection system. Formation of deposits within the holes of the injector nozzle or on the outside of the injector tip may have an adverse effect on overall system performance. This paper provides a critical review of the current understanding of the main factors affecting deposit formation.Two main types of engine test cycles, which attempt to simulate field conditions, are described in the literature. The first type involves cycling between high and low load. The second involves steady state operation at constant speed either at medium or high load.

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Section: Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Cycles and Optical Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Deposit Formation in the Holes of Diesel Injector Nozzles: A Critical Review

Birgel¹,

Ladommatos²,

Aleiferis³

et al. 2008

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Such deposits restrict and disrupt the flow of fuel through the injector, preventing optimal engine operation. A great number of DW10B injector fouling tests have been reported on in both regular and scientific literature [2] [3] [4] and yet little is known about the composition and distribution of deposits forming inside the injectors. This is primarily due to the inaccessibility of the deposits forming in the narrow nozzles holes, which can be accessed only by careful sectioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chemical and Morphological Study of Diesel Injector Nozzle Deposits - Insights into their Formation and Growth Mechanisms

Rounthwaite

Williams

McGivery

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Modern diesel passenger car technology continues to develop rapidly in response to demanding emissions, performance, refinement, cost and fuel efficiency requirements. This has included the implementation of high pressure common rail fuel systems employing high precision injectors with complex injection strategies, higher hydraulic efficiency injector nozzles and in some cases <100µm nozzle hole diameters. With the trend towards lower diameter diesel injector nozzle holes and reduced cleaning through cavitation with higher hydraulic efficiency nozzles, it is increasingly important to focus on understanding the mechanism of diesel injector nozzle deposit formation and growth. In this study such deposits were analysed by cross-sectioning the diesel injector along the length of the nozzle hole enabling in-depth analysis of deposit morphology and composition change from the inlet to the outlet, using state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques. Deposits produced in the injector nozzles of the industry standard fouling test (CEC F-98-08 DW10B bench engine) were compared with those formed in a vehicle driven on a chassis dynamometer, using a drive cycle more representative of real world vehicle conditions, to explore the effects of differing drive cycles and engine technologies. Fouling in all tests was accelerated with the addition of 1ppm zinc neodecanoate, as specified in the CEC DW10B test. This in-depth characterisation revealed a complex multi-layered system of deposits inside the diesel injector nozzle. Through analysing these layers the mechanisms enabling the initial deposit formation and growth can be postulated.

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