Impact of fresh and aged palm shell biochar on N
 2
 O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna (
 Brassica rapa
 var.
 perviridis
 ) under sandy soil conditions

Basalirwa, Daniel; Sudo, Shigeto; Wacal, Cosmas; Oo, Aung Zaw; Sasagawa, Daisuke; Yamamoto, Seiji; Masunaga, Tsugiyuki; Nishihara, Eiji

doi:10.1080/00380768.2019.1705737

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Other work has demonstrated that biochar application increases Ca content in Komatsuna ( Brassica rapa var. perviridis ) [ 47 ], perhaps resulting from cations released from the biochar surface area into the soil solution. Increased P 2 O 5 content in plant leaves may be attributed to high levels of organic acids in PA, which may solubilize soil P releasing usable phosphoric acid for plant uptake [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid When Applied with Biochar as a Soil Amendment

Jindo

Goron

Kurebito³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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The pyrolysis of biomass material results in pyroligneous acid (PA) and biochar, among other by-products. In agriculture, PA is recognized as an antimicrobial agent, bio-insecticide, and bio-herbicide due to antioxidant activity provided by a variety of constituent materials. Application of PA to crop plants and soil can result in growth promotion, improved soil health, and reduced reliance on polluting chemical crop inputs. More detailed information regarding chemical compound content within PA and identification of optimal chemical profiles for growth promotion in different crop species is essential for application to yield effective results. Additionally, biochar and PA are often applied in tandem for increased agricultural benefits, but little is known regarding the optimal proportion of each crop input. This work reports on the effect of combined applications of different proportions of PA (200- and 800-fold dilutions) and chemical fertilizer rates (100%, 75%, 50%, and 0%) in the presence or absence of biochar on Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis, Japanese mustard spinach) plant growth. To elucidate the chemical composition of the applied PA, four different spectroscopic measurements of fluorescence excitation were utilized for analysis—excitation-emission matrix, ion chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was determined that PA originating from pyrolysis of Japanese pine wood contained different classes of biostimulants (e.g., tryptophan, humic acid, and fulvic acid), and application to Komatsuna plants resulted in increased growth when applied alone, and in different combinations with the other two inputs. Additionally, application of biochar and PA at the higher dilution rate increased leaf accumulation of nutrients, calcium, and phosphorus. These effects reveal that PA and biochar are promising materials for sustainable crop production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid When Applied with Biochar as a Soil Amendment

Jindo

Goron

Kurebito³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…There is accordingly a large literature focused on the duration of biochar effects on soil properties and crop productivity through multiple cropping cycles. A common pattern noted in many studies is that biochar amendments can have neutral or negative effects in the first year of application, but positive effects in subsequent years (e.g., Major et al 2010;Basalirwa et al 2019;Dong et al 2019;Manzoor et al 2019). There is evidence from a variety of studies that ageing and/or weathering of biochars in situ can improve biochar properties.…”

Section: Ageing and Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Thomas

2021

Biochar

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A number of processes for post-production treatment of “raw” biochars, including leaching, aeration, grinding or sieving to reduce particle size, and chemical or steam activation, have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration. Here, I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs. “raw” biochars. Data from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed vs. unprocessed biochars, and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size; additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar leachates. Overall, post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14% above those observed with unprocessed biochar. This overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size, and heating/aeration treatments. The assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5–1.0 mm. Biochar leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit. I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed biochar. Further research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration.

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“…Impacts of amendments on soil properties and plant productivity in metal(loid)contaminated lands vary not only with soil characteristics, plant species, amendment properties, and application rates, but also with aging time [34][35][36]. Among all, the soil conditioner aging time is one of the factors that influence the efficacy of phytoremediation and on which much clarity still needs to be given [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar, Ochre, and Manure Maturation in an Acidic Technosol Helps Stabilize As and Pb in Soil and Allows Its Vegetation by Salix triandra

et al. 2022

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Past mining extraction activities still have a negative impact in the present time, the resulting metal(loid) contaminated soils affecting both the environment and human health. Assisted phytostabilization technology, combining soil conditioner application to immobilize metal(loid)s and plant growth to reduce erosion and leaching risks, is a useful strategy in the restoration of metal(loid) contaminated lands. However, contaminants will respond differently to a particular amendment, having their own specific characteristics. Therefore, in multi-contaminated soils, soil conditioner combination has been suggested as a good strategy for metal(loid) immobilization. In the present study, in a mesocosm experiment, organic (biochar and manure) and inorganic (ochre) amendments were evaluated in single and combined applications for their effect on metal(loid) stabilization and Salix triandra growth improvement, in an arsenic and lead highly contaminated soil. Specifically, the effects of these amendments on soil properties, metal(loid) behavior, and plant growth were evaluated after they aged in the soil for 6 months. Results showed that all amendments, except biochar alone, could reduce soil acidity, with the best outcomes obtained with the three amendments combined. The combination of the three soil conditioners has also led to reducing soil lead availability. However, only ochre, alone or combined with the other soil fertilizers, was capable of immobilizing arsenic. Moreover, amendment application enhanced plant growth, without affecting arsenic accumulation. On the contrary, plants grown on all the amended soils, except plants grown on soil added with manure alone, showed higher lead concentration in leaves, which poses a risk of return of lead into the soil when leaves will shed in autumn. Considering that the best plant growth improvement, together with the lowest increase in lead aerial accumulation, was observed in manure-treated soil, the addition of manure seems to have potential in the restoration of arsenic and lead contaminated soil.

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Impact of fresh and aged palm shell biochar on N ₂ O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna ( Brassica rapa var. perviridis ) under sandy soil conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid When Applied with Biochar as a Soil Amendment

Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid When Applied with Biochar as a Soil Amendment

Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Biochar, Ochre, and Manure Maturation in an Acidic Technosol Helps Stabilize As and Pb in Soil and Allows Its Vegetation by Salix triandra

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Impact of fresh and aged palm shell biochar on N 2 O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna ( Brassica rapa var. perviridis ) under sandy soil conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid When Applied with Biochar as a Soil Amendment

Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid When Applied with Biochar as a Soil Amendment

Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Biochar, Ochre, and Manure Maturation in an Acidic Technosol Helps Stabilize As and Pb in Soil and Allows Its Vegetation by Salix triandra

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Impact of fresh and aged palm shell biochar on N ₂ O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna ( Brassica rapa var. perviridis ) under sandy soil conditions