Impact of Forest Fuels on Gas Emissions in Coal Slurry Fuel Combustion

Abstract

Anthropogenic emissions from coal combustion pose a serious threat to human wellbeing. One prospective way to solve this problem is by using slurry fuels instead of coal. The problem is especially pressing in China and Russia, so these countries need reliable experimental data on the SOx and NOx emissions reduction range more than others do. The experiments in this research are based on the components that are typical of Russia. Experimental research was conducted on the way typical forest fuels (ground pine needles, leaves and their mixtures, bark, sawdust, and charcoal) affect the gas emissions from the combustion of slurry fuels based on the wastes. It was established that using forest fuels as additives to coal-water slurries reduces SOx and NOx emissions by 5–91% as compared to coal or to slurries based on used turbine oil. It was revealed that even small concentrations of such additives (7–15%) could result in a several-fold reduction in SOx and NOx. The higher the temperature, the more prominent the role of forest biomass. The calculated complex criterion illustrates that forest fuels increase the performance indicator of fuel suspensions by 1.2–10 times.

Switching Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant to Composite Fuel for Recovering Industrial and Municipal Waste: Combustion Characteristics, Emissions, and Economic Effect

“…It is a positive factor for the reduction of PCDD/Fs concentration in flue gases as well as for the improvement of the characteristics of the ash residue. As for the significantly lower concentrations of NOx and SOx in the flue gases of composite liquid fuels as compared with those from dry coal combustion ( Figure 5), they are explained by the following [27,29,31]. When dry coal is burned, the emissions of NOx and SOx are related to the nitrogen and sulfur content in the fuel.…”

“…Random errors did not exceed 5% for the experiments conducted under identical initial conditions. A Testo 340 (Testo, Germany) gas analyzer was used to analyze the main anthropogenic emission concentrations (carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxide (NO x ), and sulfur oxide (SO x )) from the fuel composition combustion at T g = 1000 • C, employing the methods from References [29,31]. It was put in place of the high-speed video camera.…”

Relative Environmental, Economic, and Energy Performance Indicators of Fuel Compositions with Biomass

“…They are the main sources of the corresponding oxides, formed in the oxidation of volatiles and coke of the fuel during combustion, which is why the lowest emissions were recorded for the composition with rapeseed oil, which has the lowest amount of sulfur and nitrogen (Table 2). Metal-containing components in the ash part of dry plant components and filter cake (ash analysis (wt %) biomass and filter cake are presented in [10,20]) can also react with sulfur and nitrogen oxides (CaO+SO 2 +1/2O 2 →CaSO 4 ; 3SO 2 +2Fe(OH) 3 →Fe 2 (SO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O; 2Fe+3NO→3/2N 2 +Fe 2 O 3 ) [10,[49][50][51] at certain temperatures (over 800 • C). This produces new substances, which either become ash residue or take part in further chemical transformations, without NO x or SO x formation [49,51].…”

“…Based on the data [10,20] about the composition of fuel components, biomass contains a greater amount of metal compounds (e.g., calcium, magnesium), capable of reacting with sulfur and nitrogen oxides, than filter cake does. We can assume that sulfur and nitrogen oxides interact with metal compounds during the combustion in a gas medium, even when 10% of biomass is added to filter cake.…”

Optimization of Coal Washery Tailings by Flotation Process

“…Coal is one the world's most important sources of energy [1,2], and its share in the global fuel and energy balance makes up 25-35% [3]. Almost 40% of the global electricity is generated using coal.…”