Impact of foliar symptoms of “Esca proper” on proteins related to defense and oxidative stress of grape skins during ripening

Abstract

Esca is one of the major diseases affecting vineyards with direct impact on product yield; nevertheless, scientific studies concerning its impact on grape quality are scarce. As an attempt to better understand the mechanisms behind "Esca proper" development in grapes, this work focused on the identification of proteins whose expression is altered by the disease. 2-DEs were performed on protein extracts from grape skins at different stages of maturity for two consecutive vintages. Grapes were collected in 2009 and in 2010 from plants that did not present signs of infection by Esca proper since the 2004 vintage and from plants that presented cast leaf symptoms at least once since 2004. For the first time, 13 proteins were shown to be influenced by Esca proper during the ripening process. Extensive bioinformatics analysis allowed the grouping of proteins involved in (i) stress tolerance and defense response, (ii) oxidative phosphorylation, (iii) oxidation-reduction processes in mitochondria, and (iv) oxidation-reduction processes in chloroplasts. Of these 13 proteins, cysteine synthase is the only one implicated in a metabolic pathway of oenological interest. This study shows how foliar symptoms of Esca proper may impact stress-related pathways in grapes, which are characterized by modifications in the chain of oxidative phosphorylation and redox scavenging.

Quantitative proteomic analysis of cabernet sauvignon grape cells exposed to thermal stresses reveals alterations in sugar and phenylpropanoid metabolism

“…Mass spectrometry based proteomics has successfully been used to study varietal differentiation [13,14], disease resistance [15,16], bud development [17], berry development [18][19][20], salt stress [14,21], water stress [14,22,23], herbicide treatment [24] and different photoperiods [25] in grapevine. However, there have as yet been very few proteomic studies with respect to temperature stress in grapevine.…”

“…Improvements in label‐free quantitative proteomic approaches have made them more versatile and dependable , and a valuable alternative to label‐based approaches like ICAT , SILAC and iTRAQ . Proteomic analysis of grapevine has previously been performed mainly using the 2D gel based approach , with a few exceptions where the iTRAQ approach was used . Although the 2D gel based approach has been traditionally used for grapevine proteomic research, it has certain limitations including poor representation of proteins, lack of solubility of hydrophobic proteins, difficulty in distinguishing between protein isoforms, poor detection of low abundance proteins and limited reproducibility.…”

Metabolite profile data of grapevine plants with brown wood streaking and grapevine leaf stripe (esca complex disease) symptoms

“…Leaf observations focused on identification of apoplectic symptoms (sudden wilting of shoots or leaves) and tiger stripe symptoms (chlorotic leaves that become scorched and later assume a tiger stripe-like pattern) [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] . As foliar symptoms may fluctuate from year to year [14] , leaf symptoms were visually recorded every September for six years…”

Primary Metabolites (Free Sugars, Amino, Organic and Fatty Acids) of Grape Berries as Influenced by Esca Complex Disease (Grapevine Leaf Stripe) Foliar Symptom Severity

“…The effect of esca complex on berry quality has been the subject of some investigations during the last decades [5,[9][10][11][12][13] looking at sensory and chemical attributes. It was found that berries from symptomatic vines were firmer and less elastic compared to berries from healthy vines, indicating reduced ripening and a watery structure of the berries [5]; these berries also had high levels of nitrogen [11].…”