Impact of First- and Second-Order PMD in Optical Digital Transmission Systems

Dispersion compensating fiber used as a transmission fiber: inverse/reverse dispersion fiber

“…As shown in the table, large dispersion as -40 ps/nm/km was realized with IDF-40, but A eff was 21μm 2 and attenuation loss became 0.26 dB/km. PMD also became larger and it also strictly limits transmission performance [27,28]. As aforementioned, the dispersion enlargement of IDF, which can be realized by changing a Δ1 value of a w-shaped profile, is advantageous for low nonlinear property in a total line, but it generally sacrifices A eff , loss and PMD properties.…”

Theoretical Investigation of First-order and Second-order Polarization-mode Dispersion Tolerance on Various Modulation Formats in 40 Gb/s Transmission Systems with FEC Coding

“…The input field of birefringent segments is represented by Ein(t) = Ein(t)jin, where jin is the input Jones polarization vector which depends on the azimuth and the ellipticity of the input SOP. The output field is given by [7], [8] …”

“…where (ω)D(ω)R(ω), where R(ω) takes into account the rotation of PSPs, and the dispersive matrix D(ω) takes into account the different propagation speeds on the two PSPs [7], [8].…”

“…Thus, the PMD dispersion vector represented by the second-order approximation is given by       ·   ․       ․ ․   , where     and       [7], [8]. The second-order PMD effects are represented by frequency dependent terms, the linear DGD frequency dependence (  ) and the PSP rotation with a constant angular rate (  ).…”

“…In the second-order PMD approximation, the time domain output field obtained by inverting Eq. (1) can be represented as [7], [8] …”