Impact of fiber on growth, plasma, gastrointestinal and excreta attributes in broiler chickens and turkey poults fed corn- or wheat-based diets with or without multienzyme supplement

Abstract

Effects of fiber on growth performance, gizzard attributes, ileal digesta viscosity, plasma uric acid ( PUA ) and excreta characteristics were investigated in broiler chickens (experiment 1) and turkey poults (experiment 2) fed corn or wheat-based diets with or without multienzyme supplement ( MES ). Fibrous diets were created by adding 10% corn distillers dried grains with solubles or wheat middlings in corn or wheat-based diets, respectively. The MES had main activities of xylanase and β-glucanase. A total of 960-d old Ross x Ross 708 male chicks and 720-d old male Hybrid toms were allocated to eight grain, fiber and MES combinations to give 6 replicates per combination. In each experiment, birds had free access to feed and water for 28 days. Excreta samples were collected for 3-d prior to the end and on d 28, body weight and feed intake were recorded, birds bled and subsequently necropsied for gastrointestinal samples. There was an interaction ( P ≤ 0.036) between grain, fiber and MES in broilers final body weight ( FBW ) and BW gain ( BWG ). In this context, high fiber corn diets reduced FBW and BWG and supplementation of MES improved these parameters. Broilers fed corn had a higher ( P < 0.05) FBW (1,462 vs. 1,424 g) and BWG (1,416 vs. 1,378 g) than birds fed wheat diets. Broilers fed corn-based diets without fiber diets had a higher ileal viscosity and excreta moisture compared to birds fed wheat-based and high fiber diets. Broilers fed low fiber wheat diets without MES had higher ( P < 0.05) PUA concentration compared to birds fed low fiber corn diets without MES. Poults fed wheat diets had a higher ( P < 0.05) FBW (1,441 vs. 1,408 g) and BWG (1,376 vs. 1,343 g) than poults fed corn diet. The MES supplementation in corn-based diets rich in fiber increased ( P = 0.03) gizzard weight in poults. In conclusion, there were varied growth and physiological responses in broilers and turkey suggesting the need for refining enzyme application for different poultry species.

Complete replacement of soybean meal with black soldier fly larvae meal in feeding program for broiler chickens from placement through to 49 days of age reduced growth performance and altered organs morphology

“…Chitin is representative of the fiber in BSFLM, and as seen in Murawska et al (2021) and the present study, the NDF content of the diets increases as the level of BSFLM inclusion increases. High fiber content or NDF, has been seen to increase anterior digestive tract weight (gizzard), reduce digesta transit time, and subsequently reduce nutrient digestibility ( Krás et al, 2013 ; Sanchez et al, 2021 ).…”

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in broiler chickens fed single or mixture of feed ingredients-based diets with or without Eimeria challenge

“…(2006) , where AA digestibility values were lower in the Eimeria -challenged chicks fed a wheat-barley-pectin diet compared to Eimeria -challenged chicks fed a corn-SBM diet. This may be attributed to the differences in soluble arabinoxylans in wheat and corn ( Williams, 2005 : Kiarie et al., 2014 ; Sanchez et al., 2021 ). It has been suggested that the higher amount of soluble non-starch polysaccharides found in wheat, can increase digesta viscosity which escalates GIT transit and promotes the proliferation of certain undesirable microbes such as Clostridium perfringens , the causative agent for necrotic enteritis ( Dal Pont et al., 2020 ).…”

Utilization of grape (Vitis vinifera), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), and apple (Malus pumila/domestica) pomaces in broiler chickens when fed without or with multi-enzyme supplement

“…In our study, no significant effects of the ENZ used were observed on the energy and digestibility values of studied pomaces, perhaps suggesting that the ENZ used in the present study was not optimized for pomaces. Dietary fiber in poultry research is seen from a twodimensional angle: (1) as a functional component for normal physiological functions of the gut and (2) as an anti-nutrient (Tejeda and Kim 2021); variability in assessing the digestibility of fiber in broiler diets is highly influenced by the fiber source, type, and diet formulation (Sanchez et al 2021). NDF is composed of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin components of plants, and data from the present study showed NDF Can.…”