IMPACT OF FETAL BRAIN TISSUE DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL and FIBRIN GLUE ON FACIAL NERVE CRASH INJURY

Abstract

Impact of fetal brain tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell and fibrin glue on facial nerve crash injury Background/aim: To evaluate the clinical and histopathological effects of fetal brain tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells(FBTMSC) and fibrin glue(FG) on the facial nerve(FN) regeneration in rats with traumatic FN injury. Materials and methods: 28 Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study and divided into 4 groups. Traumatic FN injury(FP) was created by a surgical clamp compression to the main trunk of left FN in all groups. In the control group(Group 1) no treatment was applied, in Group 2(FBTMSC group)2x10 6 FBTMSC was injected, in Group 3(FG group) only FG was applied, in group 4(FBTMSC & FG group) both FBTMSC and FG was applied to the injured section of the nerve. The FN functions were evaluated clinically, immediately after the procedure and at 3 rd-5 th-8 th weeks postoperatively. The FNs of all subjects were excised after the 8 th week; then the rats were sacrificed. The presence of stem cells in the injured zone was assessed by using BrdU(Bromo-deoxyuridine), and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL method. Results: After the damage, total FP was observed in all subjects. Statistically significant functional improvement was observed in Group 4 compared to all other groups(p<0.005). TUNEL positive cell count was statistically significantly higher in the control group than the other groups(p<0.001). TUNEL positive cell count was statistically significantly lower in Group 4 than the other groups. The proportion of BrdU-stained cells in Group 4(5%) was higher than Group 2(2%). 2 Conclusion: Clinically and histopathologically FBTMSC applied with FG may play a promising role as a regenerative treatment in posttraumatic FP.

Potential of Fibrin Glue and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to Regenerate Nerve Injuries: A Systematic Review

“…In the studies included in this review, therapy with MSCs and fibrin glue was used to treat sciatic [ 24 , 26 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], femoral [ 23 ], mandibular [ 52 ] and spinal cord nerve injuries [ 53 ]. MSCs were harvested from several sources, such as bone marrow from the tibia/femurs [ 26 , 44 , 45 ], iliac crest [ 47 ], adipose tissue [ 46 , 51 ], aminiotic fluid [ 48 , 50 , 54 ], fetal brain [ 52 , 53 ], dental pulp [ 24 ] and skin [ 23 ].…”

“…In the studies included in this review, therapy with MSCs and fibrin glue was used to treat sciatic [ 24 , 26 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], femoral [ 23 ], mandibular [ 52 ] and spinal cord nerve injuries [ 53 ]. MSCs were harvested from several sources, such as bone marrow from the tibia/femurs [ 26 , 44 , 45 ], iliac crest [ 47 ], adipose tissue [ 46 , 51 ], aminiotic fluid [ 48 , 50 , 54 ], fetal brain [ 52 , 53 ], dental pulp [ 24 ] and skin [ 23 ]. Among studies, the effect of therapy on nerve regeneration was evaluated by one or more methods, such as physical examination, electromyography, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent and tunnel assays, histology and morphometric analysis.…”

“…The studies included in this systematic review used animal models to assess the regenerative potential of therapy with fibrin glue and MSCs in the treatment of nervous system injuries. Of the studies included in this review, six of them compared the effect of fibrin glue alone or associated with MSCs to treat sciatic [ 44 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 51 ] and mandibular nerve injuries [ 52 ]. The outcomes of these studies showed that the association of fibrin glue with MSCs significantly favored axonal regeneration and myelination of nerve fibers compared to the use of fibrin glue without cells [ 44 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

“…Of the studies included in this review, six of them compared the effect of fibrin glue alone or associated with MSCs to treat sciatic [ 44 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 51 ] and mandibular nerve injuries [ 52 ]. The outcomes of these studies showed that the association of fibrin glue with MSCs significantly favored axonal regeneration and myelination of nerve fibers compared to the use of fibrin glue without cells [ 44 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Additionally, treatment with fibrin glue and MSCs resulted in a significant increase in the levels of neurotrophic factors [ 48 ] and less formation of scar tissue at the site of nerve injury [ 46 , 48 ], which accelerated reinnervation and recovery of functional activity [ 46 ].…”

“…Thus, analyzses of postoperative motor function are important to assess whether there was an adequate regeneration of the injured nerve extremities [ 55 ]. Considering these issues, in addition to histological analyses, some studies performed physical [ 52 ], electrophysiological [ 48 , 50 ] and muscle weight [ 51 ] examinations to analyze the recovery of sensory and motor functions of the injured nerve. These analyses showed that therapy with fibrin glue and MSCs significantly improved functional activity [ 52 ], muscle action potential amplitude and motor function recovery [ 48 , 50 ], with significant increase in muscle weight [ 51 ] and satisfactory nerve regeneration even in gap of 5 mm [ 50 ].…”