Impact of Feeding a Raw Soybean Hull-Condensed Corn Steep Liquor Pellet on Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Lactating Cows

DeFrain, J.M.; Shirley, John E.; Titgemeyer, Evan C.; Park, A.F.; Ethington, R.T.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74276-8

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several have reported that inclusion of soybean hulls did not impact DMI (Bernard and McNeill, 1991;Firkins and Eastridge, 1992;Sarwar et al, 1992;Cunningham et al, 1993). DeFrain et al (2002b) fed diets similar to the C diet and SHSL diet in our study to midlactation cows and did not observe a difference in DMI. Evaluation of daily DMI (data not Means not bearing common superscript differ (P < 0.05).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 46%

“…Incorporating SHSL in the diet at a level of 20% of the diet DM to replace a portion of alfalfa hay, corn silage, ground corn, and solvent soybean meal (SBM) improved ECM and protein yields without depressing milk fat yield (DeFrain et al, 2002a). Furthermore, in a subacute ruminal acidosis model, DeFrain et al (2002b) observed that SHSL buffered the rumen similarly to alfalfa hay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed or a Raw Soybean Hull-Corn Steep Liquor Pellet

Wickersham

Shirley

Titgemeyer

et al. 2004

Journal of Dairy Science

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We evaluated effects of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and a novel product (SHSL) containing raw soybean hulls and corn steep liquor on performance and digestion in lactating dairy cows. In Experiment 1, 46 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to control (C), WCGF (20% of diet DM), or SHSL (20% of diet DM). Diets were fed as a total mixed ration beginning after calving. The C diet contained (dry matter [DM] basis) 30% alfalfa hay, 15% corn silage, 32% corn, 9.3% whole cottonseed, 4.4% solvent soybean meal (SBM), and 3.3% expeller SBM. The WCGF replaced 10% alfalfa hay, 5% corn silage, and 5% corn grain, while expeller SBM replaced solvent SBM to maintain diet rumen undegradable protein. The SHSL replaced 10% alfalfa hay, 5% corn silage, 3% solvent SBM, and 2% corn. Dietary crude protein averaged 18.4%. Milk, energy-corrected milk (ECM), DM intake (DMI), and ECM/DMI were similar among diets during the first 13 wk of lactation. During wk 14 through 30 postpartum, WCGF and SHSL improved milk, ECM, milk component yield, and ECM/DMI. In Experiment 2, 6 cows were used to evaluate digestibility and rumen traits. Dry matter intake and total tract digestibilities of DM, fiber, and crude protein were not different among diets. Diets did not affect ruminal liquid dilution rate, pH, or concentrations of total volatile fatty acids or ammonia, but acetate:propionate was higher for C (3.38) than for WCGF (2.79) or SHSL (2.89). The WCGF and SHSL products can serve as alternative feedstuffs in diets fed to lactating dairy cattle.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed or a Raw Soybean Hull-Corn Steep Liquor Pellet

Wickersham

Shirley

Titgemeyer

et al. 2004

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The supernatant collected after centrifugation (20,000 × g for 15 min at 4°C) of neutralized ileal digesta and feces was analyzed for Cr concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A portion of supernatant was also retained, and 1 mL was mixed with 0.25 mL of 25% (wt/ vol) metaphosphoric acid and analyzed for VFA and lactic acid by GLC as described by DeFrain et al (2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodenal supply of glutamate and casein both improve intestinal starch digestion in cattle but by apparently different mechanisms1

Brake

Titgemeyer

Anderson

2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Greater postruminal flows of protein increase small intestinal starch digestion in cattle. Our objective was to determine if small intestinal starch digestion is increased by duodenal supplementation of AA. We fed 5 duodenally and ileally cannulated steers a low-starch soybean hull-based diet in 5 × 5 Latin square designs and provided continuous duodenal infusion of raw cornstarch in combination with AA or casein and measured small intestinal starch digestion. In Exp. 1 treatments were continuous duodenal infusion of 1) no supplement (control), 2) casein (400 g/d), 3) crystalline AA similar in amount and AA composition to the casein (CASAA), 4) crystalline nonessential AA similar to those provided by casein, or 5) crystalline essential AA similar to those provided by casein. In Exp. 2 treatments were continuous duodenal infusion of 1) no supplement (control), 2) casein (400 g/d), 3) Glu (133 g/d), 4) Phe and Trp plus Met (30.4, 6.5, and 17.5 g/d, respectively; PTM), or 5) a combination of Glu and PTM. Duodenal infusion of casein increased (P ≤ 0.05) small intestinal starch digestion. When CASAA was infused, small intestinal starch digestion was similar (P = 0.30) to casein infusion. Infusion of only nonessential AA tended to increase (P = 0.14) small intestinal starch digestion relative to the control, but infusion of essential AA alone did not affect (P = 0.84) small intestinal starch digestion. In addition, infusion of casein or CASAA increased ileal flows of ethanol-soluble starch (small-chain α-glycosides), but nonessential AA alone were not different than the control. Duodenal infusion of Glu increased (P ≤ 0.05) small intestinal starch digestion, whereas PTM did not. Neither Glu nor PTM increased ileal flow of ethanol-soluble starch, but Glu and PTM provided together tended (P = 0.07) to increase ileal flows of small chain α-glycosides. Our data suggest that Glu alone can increase small intestinal starch digestion in cattle similar to casein, but increases in small intestinal starch digestion in response to Glu are not associated with an increase in ileal flows of small chain α-glycosides.

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“…The problem with the SCFA buffer is that it would effectively stabilize ruminal pH toward pH 4.8 (Counotte et al, 1979), which is the typical scenario when SCFA concentration increases in animals experiencing SARA (Stone, 2004;Krause and Oetzel, 2006). Short-chain fatty acid concentrations often increase to >150 mmol/L (DeFrain et al, 2002;Morgante et al, 2007) with a negative relationship between the ruminal concentration of SCFA and ruminal pH (Kolver and de Veth, 2002). The situation may become worse when rumen fermentation changes at very high amounts of concentrate feeding, when SCFA are gradually replaced by lactate.…”

Section: In Situ Buffering Of Ruminal Protonsmentioning

confidence: 98%

RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Role of fermentation acid absorption in the regulation of ruminal pH12

Aschenbach

Penner

Stumpff

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

370

373

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Highly fermentable diets are rapidly converted to organic acids [i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid] within the rumen. The resulting release of protons can constitute a challenge to the ruminal ecosystem and animal health. Health disturbances, resulting from acidogenic diets, are classified as subacute and acute acidosis based on the degree of ruminal pH depression. Although increased acid production is a nutritionally desired effect of increased concentrate feeding, the accumulation of protons in the rumen is not. Consequently, mechanisms of proton removal and their quantitative importance are of major interest. Saliva buffers (i.e., bicarbonate, phosphate) have long been identified as important mechanisms for ruminal proton removal. An even larger proportion of protons appears to be removed from the rumen by SCFA absorption across the ruminal epithelium, making efficiency of SCFA absorption a key determinant for the individual susceptibility to subacute ruminal acidosis. Proceeding initially from a model of exclusively diffusional absorption of fermentation acids, several protein-dependent mechanisms have been discovered over the last 2 decades. Although the molecular identity of these proteins is mostly uncertain, apical acetate absorption is mediated, to a major degree, via acetate-bicarbonate exchange in addition to another nitrate-sensitive, bicarbonate-independent transport mechanism and lipophilic diffusion. Propionate and butyrate also show partially bicarbonate-dependent transport modes. Basolateral efflux of SCFA and their metabolites has to be mediated primarily by proteins and probably involves the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) and anion channels. Although the ruminal epithelium removes a large fraction of protons from the rumen, it also recycles protons to the rumen via apical sodium-proton exchanger, NHE. The latter is stimulated by ruminal SCFA absorption and salivary Na(+) secretion and protects epithelial integrity. Finally, SCFA absorption also accelerates urea transport into the rumen, which via ammonium recycling, may remove protons from rumen to the blood. Ammonium absorption into the blood is also stimulated by luminal SCFA. It is suggested that the interacting transport processes for SCFA, urea, and ammonia represent evolutionary adaptations of ruminants to actively coordinate energy fermentation, protein assimilation, and pH regulation in the rumen.

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Impact of Feeding a Raw Soybean Hull-Condensed Corn Steep Liquor Pellet on Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Lactating Cows

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed or a Raw Soybean Hull-Corn Steep Liquor Pellet

Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed or a Raw Soybean Hull-Corn Steep Liquor Pellet

Duodenal supply of glutamate and casein both improve intestinal starch digestion in cattle but by apparently different mechanisms1

RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Role of fermentation acid absorption in the regulation of ruminal pH12

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