Impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome—A Systematic Review

Zhang, Zhengxiao; Mocanu, Valentin; Cai, Chenxi; Dang, Jerry; Slater, Linda; Deehan, Edward C.; Walter, Jens; Madsen, Karen

doi:10.3390/nu11102291

Cited by 145 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Indeed, in a placebo-controlled pilot study, authors found that fecal microbiota transplantation capsules (collected from a lean donor) were safe but did not reduce BMI in obese and metabolically unhealthy patients, an concluded it to be an optimistic, but not real, strategy to fight obesity and metabolic syndrome [57]. Accordingly, a systematic review with a meta-analysis failed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the fecal microbiota transplantation on obesity and metabolic syndrome [58].…”

Section: Probiotics/prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Challenge from Mechanisms to Therapy

Tarantino

Citro

Capone

2019

JCM

114

112

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Focusing on previously published mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), their uncertainty does not always permit a clear elucidation of the grassroot alterations that are at the basis of the wide-spread illness, and thus curing it is still a challenge. There is somehow exceptional progress, but many controversies persist in NAFLD research and clinical investigation. It is likely that hidden mechanisms will be brought to light in the near future. Hereby, the authors present, with some criticism, classical mechanisms that stand at the basis of NAFLD, and consider contextually different emerging processes. Without ascertaining these complex interactions, investigators have a long way left ahead before finding an effective therapy for NAFLD beyond diet and exercise. few are conclusively accepted by experts. We try to provide evidence of the complexity, and for some aspects the contradictions, of the main lines of basic and clinical research addressing this topic. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) OverproductionMalnutrition splits in two directions; undernutrition and overnutrition; both of them leading to severe health complications: Famine and overweight/obesity are the result of calorie deficit or excess, and both of them are major health problems. Constantly eating excess calories leads body fat stores to expand. One of the most active and productive hypotheses about the mechanisms inducing or worsening obesity and consequently NAFLD is the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress accompanying obesity is reckoned to be a key factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR), [4]. In fact, obese mice treated with NADPH oxidase inhibitors (reducing ROS) have clearly demonstrated the involvement of ROS in the genesis of IR, hepatic steatosis, and T2DM [5]. Mitochondria are clearly considered to be main contributors to oxidative stress in obesity induced by chronic over-nutrition, with subsequent reduced insulin sensitivity or IR [6]. The trigger that causes the oxidative stress in obesity is the energy surplus that eventually generates reducing equivalents. These exceed the rate of ATP utilization, giving space to the over-production of O 2 , and consequently reducing the redox-buffering capacity [7]. The aforementioned pathway has been fully highlighted in mice, characterized by deletion of manganese superoxide dismutase at the adipocyte level through enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, mediated by uncoupling protein 1 [8].

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Section: Probiotics/prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Challenge from Mechanisms to Therapy

Tarantino

Citro

Capone

2019

JCM

114

112

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“…Mounting evidence suggests that the modulation of the gut microbiota through different approaches such as specific lifestyle interventions (Mediterranean diet, physical activity, specific prebiotics, and probiotics, etc. ), as well as fecal transplants, can be considered as promising adjuvants in the prevention or treatment of gut dysbiosis to counteract the onset or progression of chronic diseases [9][10][11]. The term 'gut dysbiosis' is commonly referred to as 'imbalanced relative abundances' of microbial groups, mainly inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequencing data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There is No Distinctive Gut Microbiota Signature in the Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Associated Medication

et al. 2020

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The gut microbiota (GM) has attracted attention as a new target to combat several diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a pathological condition with many factors (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc.) that increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the existence of a characteristic taxonomic signature associated with obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions is under debate. To investigate the contribution of the CVD risk factors and(or) their associated drug treatments in the composition and functionality of GM in MetS patients, we compared the GM of obese individuals (n = 69) vs. MetS patients (n = 50), as well as within patients, depending on their treatments. We also explored associations between medication, GM, clinical variables, endotoxemia, and short-chain fatty acids. Poly-drug treatments, conventional in MetS patients, prevented the accurate association between medication and GM profiles. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of taxonomic signatures in MetS patients, which mainly depend on the CVD risk factors. Hypertension and(or) its associated medication was the primary trait involved in the shaping of GM, with an overabundance of lipopolysaccharide-producing microbial groups from the Proteobacteria phylum. In the context of precision medicine, our results highlight that targeting GM to prevent and(or) treat MetS should consider MetS patients more individually, according to their CVD risk factors and associated medication.

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“…Results are until now disappointing, despite the improvement in insulin sensitivity seen in two studies (66,67), none of them presented promising results in terms of weight loss or reduction in the inflammatory profile. It is confirmed by recent reviews (68,69) reinforcing the need for studies evaluating the mechanisms by which FMT affect host metabolism and its long-term effects. Moreover, the best preparation, concentration and form of administration of FMT should be defined.…”

Section: How Are We Fighting Obesity-related Dysbiosis?mentioning

confidence: 70%