Impact of Fast-Charging and Regenerative Braking in LiFePO4 Batteries for Electric Bus Applications

Carrilero, Isabel; Anseán, David; Viera, J.C.; Fernandez, Yoana; Pereirinha, Paulo G.; González, Miguel Ángel Álvarez

doi:10.1109/vppc.2017.8331013

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Fast charging can deteriorate the EV battery faster, which, in turn, can reduce the volume of SLBs suitable for fast-charging energy storage. To reduce battery degradation and thereby ensure SLB availability in the future, there is a need to improve EV battery technology, understand battery degradation mechanisms during fast charging, and select suitable fast-charging techniques. − Apart from changes in SLB supply and demand, other market barriers also need to be considered in future SLB research to support their wide-spread adoption. Some market barriers include remanufacturing processes, quality assurance, policy, and public opinion. ,, Improving the remanufacturing processes by focusing on the enclosure material substitution rates and reducing the remanufacturing cost can lower the LCOE and GWP of SLB-based configurations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Environmental Feasibility of Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries as Fast-Charging Energy Storage

Kamath

Arsenault

Kim

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Energy storage can reduce peak power consumption from the electricity grid and therefore the cost for fast-charging electric vehicles (EVs). It can also enable EV charging in areas where grid limitations would otherwise preclude it. To address both the need for a fast-charging infrastructure as well as management of end-of-life EV batteries, second-life battery (SLB)-based energy storage is proposed for EV fast-charging systems. The electricity grid-based fast-charging configuration was compared to lithium-ion SLB-based configurations in terms of economic cost and life cycle environmental impact in five U.S. cities. Compared to using new batteries, SLB reduced the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by 12–41% and the global warming potential (GWP) by 7–77%. Photovoltaics along with SLB reduced the use of grid electricity and provided higher GWP and cumulative energy demand (CED) reduction compared to only using SLB. The LCOE of the SLB-based configurations was sensitive to SLB cost, lifetime, efficiency, and discount rate, whereas the GWP and CED were affected by SLB lifetime, efficiency, and the required enclosure materials. Solar insolation and electricity pricing structures were key in determining the configuration, which was economically and environmentally suitable for a location.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Environmental Feasibility of Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries as Fast-Charging Energy Storage

Kamath

Arsenault

Kim

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…It was also observed that, along with the real-time battery SOC and temperature, the fuzzy logic controller adjusts the regenerative braking ratio. Carrilero et al [94] examined the above C/2 charging regimes. They determined that a cell's overall performance is suitable for fast charging when more than 90% of its effective capacity can be recharged in 15 min or less throughout its life (more than 5000 cycles) without experiencing a significant loss in power capability.…”

Section: Effect Of Regenerative Braking On the Life Of Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Regenerative Braking on Battery Life

et al. 2023

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It is a well-known fact that automotive industries in every country are shifting towards electric vehicles (EVs) and in the days to come it is expected that the industry will become dominated by them, along with hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Unfortunately, the acceptance of EVs for mobility is affected by its poor range per charge. Thus, energy optimization and waste energy recuperation are currently in need. A promising method to recover energy that is lost during vehicle deceleration is regenerative braking, which extends the range of a vehicle by recovering the kinetic energy from braking and using it to recharge the battery. However, the intensity of the charging–discharging rate and the operating temperature of lithium–ion (Li–ion) batteries make them vulnerable to failure, making the rate of current delivered to the battery by regenerative braking a serious concern. Therefore, the focus of this review article is on how regenerative braking affects battery life and the precautions being taken to safeguard the battery against increased charge during regenerative braking. In this review paper, various research articles are referred to in order to examine how regenerative braking affects battery life. It is concluded that charging current obtained from long-term regenerative braking is the prominent factor in battery deterioration, regardless of the current intensity. Additionally, the rate of lithium plating is increased if the temperature and state of charge (SOC) are outside of the ideal range. By lowering the depth of discharge (DOD) and using shorter recharging times, higher levels of regenerative braking will extend a battery’s lifecycle even at high SOC and temperature.

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“…It is also observed that the real-time battery SOC and temperature, the fuzzy logic controller adjust the regenerative braking ratio. Carrilero et al [94] examined the above C/2 charging regimes. When more than 90% of the effective capacity can be recharged in 15 minutes or less over the course of the cell's life (more than 5000 cycles) without experiencing a significant loss in power capability, it is determined that the cell's overall performance is suitable for fast-charging.…”

Section: Effect Of Regenerative Braking On the Life Of Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Regenerative Braking on the Life of Battery

Kumar¹,

Chatterjee²,

Barman³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The automobile industry is often believed to be moving towards electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) are anticipated to dominate the automotive industry. Regenerative braking is one of the modern approaches that recharge the battery by extracting the kinetic energy from the braking thus improving the vehicle range. However, the rate of current supplied by regenerative braking to the battery is a major concern as lithium-ion (Li-ion) is susceptible to failure due to the intensity of the charging-discharging rate, and operating temperature. So, this review article focuses on the effect of regenerative braking on the life of the battery and measures being taken to protect the battery from higher charging during regenerative braking. Various research articles are considered for observing the effect of regenerative braking on battery life. It is found that longer duration charging current obtained from regenerative braking that is irrespective of current intensity is the prominent factor of battery deterioration. If the SOC and the temperature are not in the optimal range, the Lithium plating rate increases. However, a higher level of regenerative braking increases the battery life even at high SOC and temperature by reducing the Depth of Discharge (DOD) and by using shorter recharging periods.

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Impact of Fast-Charging and Regenerative Braking in LiFePO4 Batteries for Electric Bus Applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Economic and Environmental Feasibility of Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries as Fast-Charging Energy Storage

Economic and Environmental Feasibility of Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries as Fast-Charging Energy Storage

Effect of Regenerative Braking on Battery Life

Effect of Regenerative Braking on the Life of Battery

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