Impact of farming intensity reduction in the Šumava foothills region on changes in soil organic matter and surface water quality

Kolář, Ladislav; Gergel, J.; Šindelářová, M.; Kužel, S.

doi:10.17221/4383-pse

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Studies aimed at mineral forms of nitrogen and at readily mineralizable fractions of the organic component of soil organic matter have been published in recent years. It is intelligible because these forms of nitrogen substantially influence plant growth, product quality and environment, particularly surface water quality, and can be utilized for practical application of fertilizers (Rausch 1989, Kubát et al 1999, Koláø et al 2002.…”

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confidence: 99%

The level of soil nitrate content at different management of organic fertilizers application

Vaněk¹,

Šilha²,

Němeček³

2003

Plant Soil Environ.

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Changes in content and N-NO 3 increase after incubation were studied in 19921998 in soils of two farms situated in identical soil and climatic conditions (in spring and autumn seasons). The two farms produce sugar beet and grain crops, but since 1991 they have used different types of organic fertilizers. Farmyard manure has regularly been applied to root crops on Dobrá Voda farm; since Chvalina farm does not have animal production, green manure and plowing-in of beet tops and straw are used for organic fertilization. Soils with regular applications of farmyard manure show a trend of lower N-NO 3 content than the soils of the farm without animal production. At Dobrá Voda N-NO 3 content was about 12 ppm N in spring and 9 ppm N in the autumn season while the respective values for Chvalina were 14 and 10 ppm N. On the hand, N-NO 3 increase after soil incubation (1214 ppm N) was higher in Dobrá Voda soils than in soils from Chvalina farm (58 ppm N).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The level of soil nitrate content at different management of organic fertilizers application

Vaněk¹,

Šilha²,

Němeček³

2003

Plant Soil Environ.

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“…labile, carbon are changed (Manna et al 2007;Bishop et al 2008;de Oliveira et al 2008); water stability of soil aggregates is increased (Grieve et al 2005); the consumption of Ca-compounds increases in relation to the degree of soil organic matter lability (Kolář et al 2007); nitrification increases (Dorland et al 2004); and few papers deal also with the problem of the relation between the labile soil organic matter and soil water (Kolář et al 2002). We are very sorry not to have found any paper solving the relation between the labile soil organic matter and its corresponding calcium carbonate equilibrium in soil water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the next part of this study, in the waters coming from 9 Šumava brooks (Table 6), based on the results of the cited paper by Kolář et al (2002), and from the values of (Ca 2+ ) and (HCO 3 -) and the value of K p :K 2 for the given content of solutes and the temperature of 10°C as well as from the table reported by Pitter (1981), we calculated the value of saturation pH s according to Langelier and from the difference pH-pH s of the surface waters the Langelier saturation index I s . Comparing the pH value of the waters with theoretical pH values calculated according to Nachtigall from free and bound CO 2 (Lhotský 1954), we found out that in the waters of all 9 Šumava brooks the carbonate buffering system was dominant over other buffering systems because the differences between both values did not exceed 0.1 pH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the degree of soil organic matter lability on the calcium carbonate equilibrium of soil water

Kužel¹,

Kolář²,

Gergel³

et al. 2010

Soil & Water Res.

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Abstract:In average samples of three sandy-loamy acid Cambisols from a South Bohemian area labile organic matters were determined by the permangate method modified by the dichromate method, and the rate constant of their biochemical oxidation was determined in hot water extracts of the samples. The need of liming was determined by means of 2 methods. In soil solutions of these samples, all values necessary to evaluate their calcium carbonate equilibriums were determined. The soil samples were enriched with 3% of dry matter of two organic materials, farmyard manure and meadow clover meal, and were incubated at 25°C for 180 days under wetting above 50% of their retention water capacity, and after this procedure all analyses were repeated. Both methods were found to increase the need of liming in all three soils: the more labile the organic matter in 3% addition, the higher the need. The meadow clover matter was more labile than the farmyard manure matter. All three methods for the study of soil carbon lability yielded similar results while the potassium permanganate method was more sensitive than the dichromate one. Increases were observed in equilibrium [Cr(H 2 CO 3 * )] and in Langelier saturation index I s . This means that soil liming cannot be considered only as an adjustment to the soil acidity and supply of calcium to plants to meet their requirements, but also as a replacement of the spontaneous adjustment to calcium carbonate equilibrium of soil water, for which through mineralisation of labile organic matters in conditions of our experiment about 220 kg CaCO 3 per hectare of land were consumed on condition that it was not necessary to re-establish it. The process of Ca-compound consumption to establish the calcium carbonate equilibrium is controlled exclusively by the degree of mineralising organic matters lability while the influence of soil properties is only marginal. The same results were provided by the comparison of calcium carbonate equilibriums in nine Šumava brooks of the total watershed area 78 564 km 2 with the degree of lability of organic matters in their sediments in 1986, 2001 and 2004. A reduction in the intensity of agricultural production in 1986-2004 resulted in an increase in the stability of organic matters in the sediments, in a decrease in I s , and in a lower corrosivity of brooks water towards CaCO 3 . However, the quality of soils and their potential soil fertility decreased due to the loss of labile organic matters.

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“…Another procedure is a gas-measuring analysis with mercury macrovolumetric respirometers. Last year we published a paper describing the use of the labor-and time-consuming dilution method (Kolář et al 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to determine mineralization kinetics of a decomposable part of soil organic matter in the soil

Kolář¹,

Klimeš²,

Ledvina³

et al. 2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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A new method was proposed that complements the value of active carbon in the soil expressed as hot-water soluble carbon C hws . The method is based on vacuum measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of soil suspensions using an Oxi Top Control system manufactured by the WTW Merck Company that is destined for hydrochemical analyses of organically contaminated waters. Measurements will provide BOD values for particular days of incubation; total limit BOD t can be determined from these values, and it is possible to calculate the rate constant k 1 of mineralization of a decomposable part of soil organic matter. It is typical of soil organic matter (SOM) of a given soil sample and comparable with the BOD 5 :COD (chemical oxygen demand) ratio that is used to evaluate degradability of water organic contamination in hydrochemical analytics.Keywords: soil organic matter (SOM); decomposable part of SOM; mineralization kinetics; analytical method Soil organic matter (SOM) undergoes short-and longterm transformations in the soil. Long-term transformations last for tens of years and establish a new dynamic equilibrium. The amount of long-time unchangeable inert soil organic matter can be determined from unfertilized parcels of long-term trials. There exists a relation between the content of fine particles in soil (below 6.3 µm) and the amount of carbon in inert soil organic matter (Körschens 1980). A difference between total content of C org in farmed soils and the calculated content of inert carbon is considered as carbon of decomposable organic matters C dec . Under a dynamic equilibrium a portion of SOM is mineralized during one growing season, and the same portion is newly formed. This portion of soil organic matter is considered as active and its carbon is active organic carbon. To determine the active carbon the easiest and most suitable method is determination of so called hot water extractable C hws (Körschens et al. 1990, Schulz 1990, Weigel et al. 1998). Carbon C dec of decomposable organic matters was studied by Kubát and Vrzáková (1984), Kubát and Veselý (1986). Schulz (1997) expressed the relation between decomposable C dec and C hws by the equation C dec = 15C hws . C dec and/or C hws are important as energy substrates for soil microorganisms and material for mineralization, therefore they belong to the main traits of soil productivity. Optimum value of C hws in basic types and textures of soils is 0.3-0.6 g/kg, i.e. 0.03-0.06%.Through their enzymes soil microorganisms are able to mineralize less soluble carbon sources while the rate of this process is different. In the present paper we tried to determine C dec of decomposable organic matters more exactly employing reaction kinetics of their mineralization.For this purpose we used biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), a current method of hydrochemical analytics for determination of organic contamination; it is regularly carried out as five-day incubation (Czech designation is BSK and BSK 5 ) or as BOD t (BSK c ) -i.e. the limit value of total biochemi...

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Impact of farming intensity reduction in the Šumava foothills region on changes in soil organic matter and surface water quality

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

The level of soil nitrate content at different management of organic fertilizers application

The level of soil nitrate content at different management of organic fertilizers application

Influence of the degree of soil organic matter lability on the calcium carbonate equilibrium of soil water

A method to determine mineralization kinetics of a decomposable part of soil organic matter in the soil

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