Impact of Fake News and Myths Related to Covid-19

Kabha, Robin; Kamel, Ahmed Mostafa Ahmed; Elbahi, Moataz; Hafiz, Abdu Mohamed Dawood; Dafri, Wided

doi:10.31620/jccc.12.20/25

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most of these works have focused exclusively on assigning binary labels (“true” and “false”) to news stories ( Haouari et al, 2020b ; Alqurashi et al, 2021 ; Mahlous & Al-Laith, 2021 ). However, misleading stories about COVID-19 are not equal; they have varying levels of potential impacts on individuals and society ( Kabha et al, 2020 ). Some tend to have more baleful than others ( e.g ., fake cures).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-label multi-class COVID-19 Arabic Twitter dataset with fine-grained misinformation and situational information annotations

Obeidat¹,

Gharaibeh²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2022

PeerJ Computer Science

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Since the inception of the current COVID-19 pandemic, related misleading information has spread at a remarkable rate on social media, leading to serious implications for individuals and societies. Although COVID-19 looks to be ending for most places after the sharp shock of Omicron, severe new variants can emerge and cause new waves, especially if the variants can evade the insufficient immunity provided by prior infection and incomplete vaccination. Fighting the fake news that promotes vaccine hesitancy, for instance, is crucial for the success of the global vaccination programs and thus achieving herd immunity. To combat the proliferation of COVID-19-related misinformation, considerable research efforts have been and are still being dedicated to building and sharing COVID-19 misinformation detection datasets and models for Arabic and other languages. However, most of these datasets provide binary (true/false) misinformation classifications. Besides, the few studies that support multi-class misinformation classification deal with a small set of misinformation classes or mix them with situational information classes. False news stories about COVID-19 are not equal; some tend to have more sinister effects than others (e.g., fake cures and false vaccine info). This suggests that identifying the sub-type of misinformation is critical for choosing the suitable action based on their level of seriousness, ranging from assigning warning labels to the susceptible post to removing the misleading post instantly. We develop comprehensive annotation guidelines in this work that define 19 fine-grained misinformation classes. Then, we release the first Arabic COVID-19-related misinformation dataset comprising about 6.7K tweets with multi-class and multi-label misinformation annotations. In addition, we release a version of the dataset to be the first Twitter Arabic dataset annotated exclusively with six different situational information classes. Identifying situational information (e.g., caution, help-seeking) helps authorities or individuals understand the situation during emergencies. To confirm the validity of the collected data, we define three classification tasks and experiment with various machine learning and transformer-based classifiers to offer baseline results for future research. The experimental results indicate the quality and validity of the data and its suitability for constructing misinformation and situational information classification models. The results also demonstrate the superiority of AraBERT-COV19, a transformer-based model pretrained on COVID-19-related tweets, with micro-averaged F-scores of 81.6% and 78.8% for the multi-class misinformation and situational information classification tasks, respectively. Label Powerset with linear SVC achieved the best performance among the presented methods for multi-label misinformation classification with micro-averaged F-scores of 76.69%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-label multi-class COVID-19 Arabic Twitter dataset with fine-grained misinformation and situational information annotations

Obeidat¹,

Gharaibeh²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2022

PeerJ Computer Science

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“…As a result, they may switch to a competitor brand, causing a decline in sales and market share. In most cases, marketing content aims to connect with consumers by demonstrating how a specific product or service solves their problems [105,106]. The content is based on understanding the customers' needs and expectations, thus making promises that directly speak to them, consequently building an emotional connection [107].…”

Section: Impact Of Fake News On Firm Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Fake News in Marketing

Silva¹,

Rosário²,

Gestoso³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fake news was conventionally assumed to mean fabricated information published in newspapers and other mass media. It was mostly done to increase the paper's sales and was unlikely to have long-term impacts on society. Fake news in marketing concerns intentionally delivering false or misleading information regarding a product or service to influence consumer behavior. Despite the severity of these impacts, we noted that there is very little scientific research on fake news in marketing and consumer behavior. This systematic literature review (LRSB) aims to bridge this knowledge gap by searching and analysing relevant publications on "fake news in marketing" and synthesising data from 117 relevant studies, providing a framework for marketers and business leaders to reduce the spread and impact of online misinformation. The main highlights identify that the implementation and use of social media, shaping a presence on the internet, diffusion, and consumption of fake news have become a serious challenge and a dominant problem in the marketing sector, especially with the growth of digital marketing. Strategically, fake news spread can be categorized into various types, and the use of these tactics can produce short-term benefits such as increased engagement and instant sales, but they can also have severe long-term costs such as reputational damage, loss of revenues and market share, and discouraged investors and shareholders.

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“…In terms of vision, for example, the essence of the design of the HMD is to cut off or occlude the patient from seeing the real world [83]; isolate the patient's visual senses; and direct them almost exclusively to the stereoscopic, immersive VE. However, this renders the patient less capable of physically detecting encircling events in the physical world they sit or stand in, which is a potential and well-known physical danger [84]. Similarly, using headphones to listen to the music and audio aspects of a VE can further enhance the patient's sense of immersion.…”

Section: High Degrees Of Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such persistent burdens may lead some patients to develop a preference for the virtual world over time. However, this may further enhance the patient's sense of isolation after exiting the VE [84]. Moreover, VEs may be significantly preferable to the actual world, particularly for patients whose quality of life has been considerably diminished by chronic pain or pain-related disabilities.…”

Section: Long-term Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Challenges of Virtual Reality Technology Interventions for the Vulnerabilities of Patients With Chronic Pain: Exploration of Technician Responsibility

Zhou,

Gromala,

Wang

2023

J Med Internet Res

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Chronic pain, a common disease, is a crucial global public health concern. Approximately 20% of the worldwide population is affected by chronic pain, which accounts for 15% to 20% of hospital visits. In Canada, approximately 7.6 million people—or 1 in 5 people—experience chronic pain. Among this population, 60% has either lost their employment or experienced a reduction in income as a result of their pain. The proportion of older people (aged ≥65 years) with chronic pain is high, comprising one-third of the total older population. In addition, the causes of chronic pain and its cures are unknown, and treatment is limited by these unknowns and the dangers of opioids. These essential factors make patients with chronic pain one of the most vulnerable populations. The use of emerging virtual reality (VR) technology as an intervention for chronic pain has consistently demonstrated early effectiveness and has been termed as a “nonpharmacological analgesic.” Nevertheless, we must remain vigilant about the potential ethical risks of VR interventions, as inappropriate VR interventions may exacerbate the vulnerabilities of patients. Currently, a central challenge for VR developers is the ambiguity of patient vulnerability and the unpredictability of ethical dilemmas. Therefore, our paper focused on the vulnerability and ethical dilemmas faced by patients with chronic pain in VR interventions. Through an experience-based, prospective ethical examination, we have identified both existing and potential new vulnerabilities and specific manifestations that patients with chronic pain may encounter in VR interventions. Our aim was to highlight the ethical risks that may be present in VR interventions. On one hand, this can help raise awareness among technology developers regarding the vulnerabilities of patients with chronic pain and mitigate technological ethical risks. In addition, it can assist technology developers in determining the priorities for VR technology interventions. These efforts collectively lay a solid foundation for the comprehensive realization of responsible VR technology interventions.

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Impact of Fake News and Myths Related to Covid-19

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Multi-label multi-class COVID-19 Arabic Twitter dataset with fine-grained misinformation and situational information annotations

Multi-label multi-class COVID-19 Arabic Twitter dataset with fine-grained misinformation and situational information annotations

Fake News in Marketing

Ethical Challenges of Virtual Reality Technology Interventions for the Vulnerabilities of Patients With Chronic Pain: Exploration of Technician Responsibility

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