Terpenes
and flavonoids are secondary metabolites present
in plants
that display interesting biological properties. In this work, we study
six nonionic (type V) natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), in a
total of nine studied, based on three terpenes (d,l-menthol,
thymol, and carvacrol), used as hydrogen-bond donors, combined with
three flavonoids (flavone, flavanone, and 2′-hydroxychalcone),
which act as hydrogen-bond acceptors. These NADES were characterized
in terms of their solid–liquid phase diagrams to evaluate their
liquid window. The collected data were modeled using the universal
quasichemical (UNIQUAC) model, providing a detailed correlation with
the nonidealities of these systems. All systems, except for those
containing α-terpineol, present large deviations from the ideal
behavior, which justifies the use of an excess Gibbs energy model
such as UNIQUAC. Thermophysical properties, including mutual water
solubility, density, and viscosity, were measured. The three flavonoid-based
NADES present very similar densities but very different viscosities,
with the flavone-based being the most viscous and the 2′-hydroxychalcone-based
being the most fluid, with viscosity increasing with the increase
in the flavonoid content. All the studied NADES are hydrophobic, and
generally, the water solubility decreases with the flavonoid proportion,
with the exception of the flavone:thymol (0.4) NADES. The solubility
of water in the selected terpenes and flavonoids is much lower than
the solubility of water in the corresponding NADES. For all NADES
the eutectic points occurred at small molar fractions of flavonoids.
Cytotoxicity assays demonstrate safe use, with a toxicity level like
those of starting components.