Impact of exposure factor selection on deterministic consumer exposure assessment

Ban, Ho-Young; Park, Ji Young; Lee, Daeyeop; Lee, Ki-Young

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.02.007

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Deterministic methods use point estimates of input parameters to provide a single worst-case value [39]. Previous studies have used deterministic methods to screen consumer products exposure levels [18,20,21,40]. To use this method to assess exposure to chemicals in consumer products, information on exposure factors, such as frequency of use, amount of use per application, as well as information about the circumstance of use, are required [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Health Risks of Chemicals in Car Colorant Products

Lee

Kim

Hwang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Public concern regarding the use of products with chemicals has increased in Korea, following reports indicating that hazardous chemicals in products, such as disinfectants, can cause fatal lung disease. Despite the widespread use of car colorant products, little is known regarding their potential health risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential health risks of substances that exist in car colorant products. Thirteen car colorant products were purchased from the Korean market and 15 commonly used chemicals were analyzed. Exposure and risk assessments were conducted in two assessment stages (screening and refined). The analysis showed that all of the examined products contained toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. The maximum concentration of toluene was 52.5%, with a median concentration of 10.8%. Tier 1 (screening) assessment showed that four chemicals (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and 2-butoxyethanol) may pose health risks, but tier 2 (refined) assessment showed that these chemicals do not pose any risk. However, these chemicals were present in all of the examined products, and government regulations did not control their concentrations in these products. Therefore, we suggest that levels of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in car colorant products should be regulated to protect public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Health Risks of Chemicals in Car Colorant Products

Lee

Kim

Hwang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…V is the main activity volume of children when The statistical results of the questionnaire are all divided into the 95th percentile. 44 IR is the inhalation rate (m 3 /day), which is from the summary of the Manual of Exposure Parameters for the Chinese Population (Volume for Children), 43 corresponding to the age of the questionnaire results. Parameters of each type of NMRPs are listed in Table S6.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and Evaluation of Children’s Sensitively Toxic Chemicals in New Mosquito Repellent Products Based on a Nationwide Investigation

Liu,

Jin,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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New mosquito repellent products (NMRPs) are emerging popular repellents among children. There are increasing reports on children's sensitization reactions caused by NMRPs, while regulations on their productions, sales, or usage are still lacking. One of the reasons could be the missing comprehensive risk assessment. We first conducted a nationwide investigation on children's NMRP usage preferences. Then, we high-throughput screened volatile or semivolatile organic chemicals (VOCs/ SVOCs) in five representative NMRPs by the headspace gas chromatography−orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry analytical method. After that, toxic compounds were recognized based on the toxicity forecaster (ToxCast) database. A total of 277 VOCs/SVOCs were recognized, and 70 of them were identified as toxic compounds. In a combination of concentrations, toxicities, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics in the body, 28 chemicals were finally proposed as priority-controlled compounds in NMRPs. Exposure risks of recognized toxic chemicals through NMRPs by inhalation and dermal intake for children across the country were also assessed. Average daily intakes were in the range of 0.20−7.31 mg/kg/day for children in different provinces, and the children in southeastern coastal provinces were found to face higher exposure risks. By controlling the high-priority chemicals, the risks were expected to be reduced by about 46.8% on average. Results of this study are therefore believed to evaluate exposure risks, encourage safe production, and promote reasonable management of NMRPs.

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“…All respondents were actual consumers of the studied product groups. To ensure that the study population was representative of the Korean population, gender-balanced participants with equal age-group distributions were selected [26,27,28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the results of our previous study [25], the web survey questionnaires were used to determine combined exposure to household products by the studied families, and were divided as follows: (1) information on the retention and use of products, namely lists of retained target products, amounts of retained products, product use/purchase periods, and qualitative descriptions of product co-use habits; and (2) information on demographics, namely ages of family members, average time spent indoors for each member (separately for working and non-working days), occupation (employed, unemployed, student, housewife, or other), type of house, and average house size. Single-product-use exposure data were obtained from national survey data (Korean consumer exposure factors to household products) [26]. Furthermore, seven age groups were constructed for the survey, namely, families with infants (0–2 years), toddlers (3–6 years), young children (7–9 years), children (10–12 years), young youths (13–15 years), youths (16–18 years), and adults (19 years and older); these groups are based on the long-term resting inhalation rates (m 3 /day-kg, weight adjusted) for children from birth to 18 years of age [30,31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Assessment of Preschool Childrens’ Exposure to Substances in Household Products

Kim

Seok

2019

IJERPH

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Understanding how indoor-air contaminants affect human health is of critical importance in our developed society. We assessed the combined exposure by inhalation of preschool children and children to household products. A total of 1175 families with 72 infants, 158 toddlers, 230 children, and 239 youths were surveyed to determine the combined respiratory exposure concentrations and amounts associated with 21 substances in eight household product groups. We determined the mean concentrations of these substances in each product, and derived reference toxicity values based on the information gathered in order to identify respiratory health risks. On average, cleaners were used at a rate of 1.0 × 103 g/month, while coating agents and other substances were used at 43 g/month. The combined inhalation exposure concentrations of methanol to infants and toddlers were 5.1 and 4.2 mg/m3 per month, respectively, with values of 2.1 and 1.7 mg/m3 for isopropanol, respectively. Risks to preschool children and children should be assessed on the basis of the toxicity values of combined exposed hazardous substances, as well as their combined concentrations and amounts. This exposure assessment approach can be used to establish improved guidelines for products that may pose inhalation hazards to preschool children and children.

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Impact of exposure factor selection on deterministic consumer exposure assessment

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Potential Health Risks of Chemicals in Car Colorant Products

Potential Health Risks of Chemicals in Car Colorant Products

Screening and Evaluation of Children’s Sensitively Toxic Chemicals in New Mosquito Repellent Products Based on a Nationwide Investigation

Combined Assessment of Preschool Childrens’ Exposure to Substances in Household Products

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