Impact of ethnicity and obesity on insulin resistance in two ethnic groups at very high risk of type 2 diabetes

Hassoun, Shaimaa; Al-Atrash, Mariam; Al-Kasim, Mohamed Ahmed; Dabbous, Zeinab; Mujahed, O.; DeFronzo, Ralph A.; Jayyousi, Amin; Zirie, Mahmoud; Abdul‐Ghani, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2016.11.002

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“… 14 These differences may be attributable to genetic and epigenetic factors, 14 29 however, there is also emerging evidence that there may be different biological mechanisms behind glucose impairment according to country of origin. 30–33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Which anthropometric measures best indicate type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in Finland? A cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo compare the performance of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in detecting type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish (born in Iraq/Iran) origin migrants and Finns.Design and participantsCross-sectional study comparing health examination survey data of Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants (n=917) aged 30–64 years who took part in the Migrant Health and Wellbeing Survey with the general Finnish population in the Health 2011 Survey (n=887). Participants were randomly selected from the National Population Register.SettingSix cities in Finland, where a substantial majority of migrants live.Outcome measuresAnthropometric measures included objectively measured BMI, WHtR, WC and WHR. Type 2 diabetes was defined based on self-report, laboratory measures of glycated haemoglobin and register data. Test performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics curves, using area under the curve (AUC) as a measure of accuracy.ResultsAmong Finns, test performance was highest for WC (AUC=0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.87) and WHtR (AUC=0.81, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.87). Test performance was similar for BMI (AUC=0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.92), WC (AUC=0.79, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.91) and WHtR (AUC=0.70, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.93) among Russians. WC and WHtR had highest test performance also among Somali (AUC=0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.84 for WC and AUC=0.75, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.85 for WHtR) and Kurds (AUC=0.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.81 for WC and AUC=0.70, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.80 for WHtR). Among migrants, WHR had the poorest test performance.ConclusionWC and WHtR performed overall the best across all study groups, however, accuracy of detection was lower particularly among Somali and Kurds. Currently used diabetes risk assessment tools assume a strong association between anthropometrics and diabetes. These tools need to be validated among non-Western populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that a rapid transition from normal weight to overweight may be sufficient to produce glucose impairment and increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. 30 34–36 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which anthropometric measures best indicate type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in Finland? A cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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“…Aside from the need for a larger sample size, it is becoming increasingly evident that deep phenotyping through the utilization of gold standard, scalable metabolic techniques, such as oral glucose tolerance test, liver imaging, and bioelectrical impedance (that measures body fat composition distributions), is essential. For example, using a euglycemic insulin clamp technique, Hassoun et al [42] demonstrated that a small increase of 1.2 units from normal BMI in Arabs as compared to Mexican Americans could be associated with high insulin resistance. Additionally, lean Arab participants compared to Mexican Americans had a more severe level of insulin resistance where Arabs had a 28% less total body glucose disposal compared to lean Mexican Americans.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalizability of GWA-Identified Genetic Risk Variants for Metabolic Traits to Populations from the Arabian Peninsula

Hebbar

Abu‐Farha

Abubaker

et al. 2021

Genes

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The Arabian Peninsula, located at the nexus of Africa, Europe, and Asia, was implicated in early human migration. The Arab population is characterized by consanguinity and endogamy leading to inbreeding. Global genome-wide association (GWA) studies on metabolic traits under-represent the Arab population. Replicability of GWA-identified association signals in the Arab population has not been satisfactorily explored. It is important to assess how well GWA-identified findings generalize if their clinical interpretations are to benefit the target population. Our recent study from Kuwait, which performed genome-wide imputation and meta-analysis, observed 304 (from 151 genes) of the 4746 GWA-identified metabolic risk variants replicable in the Arab population. A recent large GWA study from Qatar found replication of 30 GWA-identified lipid risk variants. These complementing studies from the Peninsula increase the confidence in generalizing metabolic risk loci to the Arab population. However, both the studies reported a low extent of transferability. In this review, we examine the observed low transferability in the context of differences in environment, genetic correlations (allele frequencies, linkage disequilibrium, effect sizes, and heritability), and phenotype variance. We emphasize the need for large-scale GWA studies on deeply phenotyped cohorts of at least 20,000 Arab individuals. The review further presents GWA-identified metabolic risk variants generalizable to the Arab population.

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Effects of Nigella sativa seed polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic mice and gut microbiota

Dong

Liang

Niu

et al. 2020

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Impact of ethnicity and obesity on insulin resistance in two ethnic groups at very high risk of type 2 diabetes

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Which anthropometric measures best indicate type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in Finland? A cross-sectional study

Which anthropometric measures best indicate type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in Finland? A cross-sectional study

Generalizability of GWA-Identified Genetic Risk Variants for Metabolic Traits to Populations from the Arabian Peninsula

Effects of Nigella sativa seed polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic mice and gut microbiota

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