Impact of Environmental and Pathogenic Variability on Breaking of Host Rust Resistance in Wheat Cultivars under Changing Climatic Conditions

Abstract

The rust fungi especially emergence of new rust races has serious threat to global wheat production. This is mainly due to the widespread use of race-specific seedling resistance genes and evolution of new virulence races like Yr9, Yr27, and Sr31. Several quantitative disease resistance (QDR) or durable resistance genes i.e. Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57, Lr46/Yr29/Pm39/Sr58, Lr67/Yr46, Lr68 providing resistance to rust diseases at either high or low temperatures have been identified. But, changing climatic conditions affect the level of resistance in cultivars, as at high temperature Lr34/Yr18 genes which confer durable resistance in wheat become less effective and at low temperature it provides high resistance. While in contrast, yellow rust resistance genes; Yr36 and Yr39 confer resistance at high temperature and later growth stages. This review provides a detailed discussion on, the different aspects of climate change that how it affect host resistance and pathogenic variability and its sustainable control by developing cultivars with high level durable resistance.

Impact of Foliar Applications of Different Fungicides on Wheat Stripe Rust Epidemics and Grain Yield

“…Generally, 41% grain yield increases due to disease protection by fungicide application therefore the wheat growers can greatly benefits from crop protection measures. Furthermore, fungicide application increased the thousand-grain weight, number of grains/spike and also improves the quality of straw which is widely used as animal feed in developing countries (Javaid et al, 2018). Current study also clearly demonstrated a difference in yield increase with the foliar application of appropriate fungicides.…”

Review on Plant Diseases Management Through Gene Pyramiding

“…According to Roelf's finding, some resistance gene combinations, such as the 'Sr2 complex' for stem rust resistance [10&20], the 'Frontana complex' for leaf rust resistance [21], and the resistance of Anza and Little Joss for stripe rust [22][23], have shown long-term durability. These complexes provide the basic resistance in the emerging bread wheat germplasm at CIMMYT.…”

Status of Wheat Germplasm Resistance Against Virulent Races of Leaf and Stripe Rust in Faisalabad, Pakistan

“…Controlling rust epidemics in the region is challenging (Ali et al, 2022b). The novel stem, leaf and yellow rusts races have been introduced to wheatgrowing areas on several continents ( Javaid et al, 2018;Ali, 2018). Screening for yellow and leaf rust is the best way to control rust diseases.…”

“…Screening for yellow and leaf rust is the best way to control rust diseases. Comprehensive research is needed to assess yield losses and their level of rust resistance ( Javaid et al, 2018). The country lacks high-yield and rust-resistant wheat cultivars with wide adoption.…”