Impact of energy storage and flexible alternating current transmission devices in combined voltage and frequency regulation of multiarea multisource interconnected power system

Abstract

This article emphasizes the impact of coordinated energy storage (ES) and flexible alternating current transmission (FACTS) devices in the combined voltage and frequency control of multi-area systems having hydro, thermal, geothermal, and solar thermal power plants. Appropriate realistic constraints are equipped with both hydro and thermal units. A novel fuzzy logic controllerbased cascade PI and PID with filter coefficient (N), FCPI-PIDN controller is proposed and optimized various controller parameters using artificial flora algorithm. Comparative analysis of FCPI-PIDN, Cascade PI and PIDN (CPI-PIDN), and PIDN controllers show the superiority of the FCPI-PIDN controller to others. Integration of ES devices (ESDs), such as redox flow battery (RFB),capacitive energy storage (CES), and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) indicates that the incorporation of ESDs enhance the system performance and RFB is superior to SMES and CES. Moreover, integration of FACTS devices, such as interline power flow controller (IPFC), thyristor control series capacitor (TCSC), and unified power flow controller (UPFC) indicates the incorporation of FACTS devices improve the system dynamic and coordination of IPFC-RFB provide better response than TCSC-RFB and UPFC-RFB. Investigation reveals that the optimal location of RFB is Area 1 and IPFC is in between Areas 1 and 3. Sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of the FCPI-PIDN controller.

Comparative performance of multiple energy storage systems in unified voltage and frequency regulation of power system including electric vehicles

“…34 The conflated ALFC-AVR was gradually studied with the multi-area multi-source system. [35][36][37] The extensive literature review conveys that the unified ALFC-AVR study with PSS and the above-mentioned energy storage devices is not yet investigated, requiring further investigation.…”

“…Various types of controllers are observed in the literature, such as the integer-order, fractional-order, degree of freedoms, and fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) used as controllers in a separate and combined ALFC-AVR analysis. In unified ALFC-AVR studies, proportional-fractional integral-derivative with filter (PI λ DF), 33 two degree of freedom tilt-integralderivative (2DOFTID), 34 fuzzy-based 2DOFTID, 35 tiltintegral-derivative with filter (TIDF) 36 and fuzzy-based cascade controllers 37 are implemented successfully by several researchers. A thorough survey of the literature shows that the combination of TID controller 38 in the fractional-order tilt-integral-derivative (FOTID) controller 39 and fuzzy logic controller [40][41][42][43] and is not so far investigated in amalgamated ALFC-AVR analyses.…”

“…The metaheuristic optimization techniques are adopted widely due to their less computational time and fairly accurate optimal solution. In literature, various algorithms are studied, that is, Artificial Flora Algorithm, 37 lightning search algorithm, 44 improved grey wolf optimizer, 45 modified multitracker optimization algorithm, 46 artificial bee colony, 47 whale optimization algorithm, 48 Genetic Algorithm. 49 Many authors have implemented various optimization techniques in conflated ALFC-AVR studies.…”

“…Likewise, in the unified ALFC-AVR systems, the sensitivity study is investigated by adjusting the magnitudes of SLPs and varying the system's nonlinearities. [33][34][35][36][37] From the literature, it is apparent that the sensitivity study by changing the magnitude and location of SLP and by varying the magnitude of GRC values in all three areas has not yet been studied with the fuzzy logic-based fractional order controller, which provides a scope to the authors for further study.…”

A Novel Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Based Cascaded PIDF-PIDF Controller for Automatic Generation Control Analysis of Multi-Area Multi-Source Hydrothermal System

“…AGC is used to correct the disturbed problems and restore the frequency of the system. The work done in [9] shows two components of integrated hydro-thermal systems with a wind farm. The work done in [10] evaluated system dynamic frequency responses for three-area thermal systems, one of which incorporated a solar thermal power plant (STPP).…”