Impact of Elevated CO2 and Temperature on Growth, Development and Nutrient Uptake of Tomato

Abstract

Elevated carbon dioxide (EC) can increase the growth and development of different C3 fruit crops, which may further increase the nutrient demand by the accumulated biomass. In this context, the current investigation was conceptualized to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient uptake by tomato plants under elevated CO2 (EC700 and EC550 ppm) and temperature (+2 °C) in comparison to ambient conditions. Significant improvement in the growth indicating parameters like leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate were measured at EC700 and EC550 at different stages of crop growth. Further, broader and thicker leaves of plants under EC700 and EC550 have intercepted higher radiation by almost 11% more than open field plants. Conversely, elevated temperature (+2 °C) had negative influence on crop growth and intercepted almost 7% lower radiation over plants under ambient conditions. Interestingly, earliness of phenophases viz., branch initiation (3.0 days), flower initiation (4.14 days), fruit initiation (4.07 days) and fruit maturation (7.60 days) were observed at EC700 + 2 °C, but it was statistically on par with EC700 and EC550 + 2 °C. Irrespective of the plant parts and growth stages, plants under EC700 and EC550 have showed significantly higher nutrient uptake due to higher root biomass. At EC700, the tune of increase in total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was almost 134%, 126% and 135%, respectively compared to open field crop. This indicates higher nutrient demand by the crop under elevated CO2 levels because of higher dry matter accumulation and radiation interception. Thus, nutrient application is needed to be monitored at different growth stages as per the crop needs.

Effect of Elevated CO2 on the Growth, Physiological Traits and Biological Yield of Three Genotypes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…High leaf area leads to higher biomass (fresh weight and dry weight) accumulation upon elevated CO 2 treatment, this may be due to the high rate of photosynthesis and water use efficiency under elevated CO 2 condition. Improvement in leaf area and LAI was recorded (Rangaswamy et al, 2021), at both elevated levels of CO 2 . There was significantly higher total leaf area at 50% flowering in tomato.…”

Effects of CO2 Enrichment on Carbon Assimilation, Yield and Quality of Oriental Melon Cultivated in a Solar Greenhouse

“…This method allowed for ventilation, cooling and daily management when the midday temperatures became too high. Such devices were previously tested and used in tomato [34], cucumber [35] and other crops. The solar radiation value was varied between 400 and 700 W•m −2 and the oxygen content was 21% during the treatment in the solar greenhouse.…”

Elevated CO2 ameliorates the high temperature stress effects on physio-biochemical, growth, yield traits of maize hybrids

“…These studies revealed that C4 maize crop have the potential to respond positively to elevated CO 2 like C3 crops. Majority of the studies reported on individual effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on phenology, physiology and biochemistry of different crops [45][46][47][48][49] . Although the combined and interactive effects of elevated CO 2 and temperature on physiology, phytochemistry, and biomass have been attempted in limited manner 36,[50][51][52] .…”