Impact of Electronic Cigarette Vaping on Cerebral Ischemia: What We Know So Far

Siegel, Jonathan H.; Patel, Shahil H.; Mankaliye, Berk; Raval, Ami P.

doi:10.1007/s12975-022-01011-w

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…For example, extensive cardiovascular effects include findings of increased arterial stiffness, blood pressure, oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, and coronary vascular disease. E-cigarette use also lowers myocardial blood flow on demand, endothelial function, and nitric oxide production [38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-term e-cigarette use is also associated with increased arterial stiffness and sympathetic tone" [44]. "Cardiac effects also include reduced myocardial blood flow augmentation with exercise but not changes in ventricular relaxation" [42]. "In addition, short-term e-cigarette use raises the levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress" [43].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electronic Cigarette Harms: Aggregate Evidence Shows Damage to Biological Systems

Hamann,

Kungskulniti,

Charoenca

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Evidence of the harms of e-cigarettes has been unfolding slowly and has been documented in many reviews and reports worldwide. A narrative review of new evidence is presented since, as research has continued, newly aggregated evidence of the dangers of electronic cigarettes on the brain, heart, and lungs is vital to inform decisions on restricting the use of e-cigarettes. Several biomedical research databases were searched for electronic cigarette health effects, emphasizing reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Over 50 review studies, primarily in 2022 and 2023, illustrate some of the latest information on e-cigarette harms. Results show studies of respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular effects. Researchers call for expanding studies through new methods to elaborate on initial findings of multiple harms emerging in clinical investigations. Since the use of electronic cigarettes for adult cessation is not sanctioned in most countries, it is clear that health authorities see significant costs to the health of the general population if the promotion and use of electronic cigarettes occur worldwide. Regulatory action to control electronic cigarettes should consider the substantial evidence of electronic cigarette harm.

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Section: Cardiovascular Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiovascular Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarette Harms: Aggregate Evidence Shows Damage to Biological Systems

Hamann,

Kungskulniti,

Charoenca

et al. 2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These detrimental effects of OC in association with comorbidities such as polycystic ovary syndrome, exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals, and especially smoking-derived nicotine (N) exposure exacerbate both the risk and severity of stroke [5]. Over the past decade, battery-powered nicotinedelivery devices known as electronic cigarettes (EC) have gained popularity amongst young girls and women who are smokers actively trying to give up smoking [11]. Since EC deliver nicotine, identifying the effects of nicotine on cerebral fat metabolism can also help delineate its effects on the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Nicotine along with Oral Contraceptive Exposure on Brain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Female Rats

Patel

Timón‐Gómez

Pradhyumnan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Smoking-derived nicotine (N) and oral contraceptive (OC) synergistically exacerbate ischemic brain damage in females, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In a previous study, we showed that N + OC exposure altered brain glucose metabolism in females. Since lipid metabolism complements glycolysis, the current study aims to examine the metabolic fingerprint of fatty acids in the brain of female rats exposed to N+/−OC. Adolescent and adult Sprague–Dawley female rats were randomly (n = 8 per group) exposed to either saline or N (4.5 mg/kg) +/−OC (combined OC or placebo delivered via oral gavage) for 16–21 days. Following exposure, brain tissue was harvested for unbiased metabolomic analysis (performed by Metabolon Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA) and the metabolomic profile changes were complemented with Western blot analysis of key enzymes in the lipid pathway. Metabolomic data showed significant accumulation of fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolites in the brain. Adolescent, more so than adult females, exposed to N + OC showed significant increases in carnitine-conjugated fatty acid metabolites compared to saline control animals. These changes in fatty acyl carnitines were accompanied by an increase in a subset of free fatty acids, suggesting elevated fatty acid β-oxidation in the mitochondria to meet energy demand. In support, β-hydroxybutyrate was significantly lower in N + OC exposure groups in adolescent animals, implying a complete shunting of acetyl CoA for energy production via the TCA cycle. The reported changes in fatty acids and PC metabolism due to N + OC could inhibit post-translational palmitoylation of membrane proteins and synaptic vesicle formation, respectively, thus exacerbating ischemic brain damage in female rats.

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“…Electronic cigarettes (EC) are battery-powered nicotine delivery devices that have rapidly gained popularity as alternatives to conventional tobacco cigarettes for young never-smokers, current smokers, and smokers seeking to cease. 1,2 Tobacco smoking remains a significant and preventable risk factor for ischemic stroke. On average, smokers experience strokes a decade earlier than nonsmokers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarette Vape Exposure Exacerbates Post-Ischemic Outcomes in Female but Not in Male Rats

Pradhyumnan,

Patel,

Furones-Alonso

et al. 2024

Stroke

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BACKGROUND: Nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (EC) vaping has become popular worldwide, and our understanding of the effects of vaping on stroke outcomes is elusive. Using a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, the current exploratory study aims to evaluate the sex-dependent effects of EC exposure on brain energy metabolism and stroke outcomes. METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly assigned to air/EC vapor (5% nicotine Juul pods) exposure for 16 nights, followed by randomization into 3 cohorts. The first cohort underwent exposure to air/EC preceding randomization to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (90 minutes) or sham surgery, followed by survival for 21 days. During the survival period, rats underwent sensorimotor and Morris water maze testing. Subsequently, brains were collected for histopathology. A second cohort was exposed to air/EC after which brains were collected for unbiased metabolomics analysis. The third cohort of animals was exposed to air/EC and received transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/sham surgery, and brain tissue was collected 24 hours later for biochemical analysis. RESULTS: In females, EC significantly increased ( P <0.05) infarct volumes by 94% as compared with air-exposed rats, 165±50 mm 3 in EC-exposed rats, and 85±29 mm 3 in air-exposed rats, respectively, while in males such a difference was not apparent. Morris water maze data showed significant deficits in spatial learning and working memory in the EC sham or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion groups compared with the respective air groups in rats of both sexes ( P <0.05). Thirty-two metabolites of carbohydrate, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolism were significantly altered ( P ≤0.05) due to EC, 23 of which were specific for females. Steady-state protein levels of hexokinase significantly decreased ( P <0.05) in EC-exposed females; however, these changes were not seen in males. CONCLUSIONS: Even brief EC exposure over 2 weeks impacts brain energy metabolism, exacerbates infarction, and worsens poststroke cognitive deficits in working memory more in female than male rats.

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Impact of Electronic Cigarette Vaping on Cerebral Ischemia: What We Know So Far

Cited by 7 publications

References 182 publications

Electronic Cigarette Harms: Aggregate Evidence Shows Damage to Biological Systems

Electronic Cigarette Harms: Aggregate Evidence Shows Damage to Biological Systems

The Impact of Nicotine along with Oral Contraceptive Exposure on Brain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Female Rats

Electronic Cigarette Vape Exposure Exacerbates Post-Ischemic Outcomes in Female but Not in Male Rats

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