Impact of Educational Attainment on the Development of Female Entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan

Orlova, Ludmila Viktorovna; Сахабиева, Г. А.; Vasyaycheva, Vera Ansarovna; Pronina, Natalya Nikolaevna

doi:10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i11/89426

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…And the more limited the resource, on the one hand, and the higher the need of a person and society for it, on the other, the higher its value. The transformed resource is initially more limited since it requires the involvement of production factors (Orlova, Sakhabieva, Vasyaycheva, and Pronina, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monetary Theory of the Genesis of the State, Prospects for Electronic Money and Transnational Law

Sarsembayev

2021

Int. J. Criminol. Sociol.

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This article is an attempt to explain a new way of the cause of the emergence of the state with simultaneous consideration of previously known theories in legal science. Several arguments are presented in favor of the new theory, which, in the author's opinion, are sufficiently valid. The author analyzes the dynamics of the development of the causes of the emergence of state and law and its influence on the transformation of the latest civilizations, which took place in history. Based on the historical chronology of the emergence and functioning of money, the author conventionally differs three stages in its development: 1) the period of the gold standard or a chronic shortage of monetary liquidity; 2) the period of paper money and inflationary pressure; 3) the digital money period. The author upholds a new position regarding the essence of international law, believing that international law is not a separate system of law, but only the result of the evolution of law from national to international, which became possible thanks to the development of the institution of money. The author shares his thoughts on the true reason for justifying the state's right to war in international law a while back, expressed in a persistent shortage of monetary liquidity, which took place from the moment the first civilizations appeared until the 20th century. This article establishes a projection for the further development of state and law, including international law, alongside the inevitable transition of the world community to the digital money supply. The article reveals not only the vision of the new monetary system, its absolute transparency, and clarity but also the various opportunities we face in such a transition. In this regard, the states and the world community will come to clear and effective outcomes in management, to the practical abolition of corruption and economic crime, to legal methods of conducting all competitions and public procurement, to fair and effective justice, and the establishment of highly moral relations in society.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monetary Theory of the Genesis of the State, Prospects for Electronic Money and Transnational Law

Sarsembayev

2021

Int. J. Criminol. Sociol.

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“…En particular, aunque el 56,4% de los casos de la comunidad estudiada, los hogares están en promedio conformados con tres o cuatro personas, existen rasgos de familia ampliada e incluso de hacinamiento por las dimensiones de cada inmueble (45,23 m2), donde el 30,1% de los casos, habitan más de cinco personas; incluso hay hogares con nueve integrantes; donde conviven abuelos, tíos, sobrinos, etc. Cabe destacar que esta población está levemente feminizada el 54,0% son mujeres, donde las mujeres, por lo general son cabeza de hogar, siendo la mayoría trabajadoras independientes y emprendedoras; vale decir, que el emprendimiento femenino se convertido en una política de desarrollo en muchos países (Viktorovna, Aleksandrovna, Ansarovna & Nikolaevna, 2016;Rathna, Badrinath & Siva Sundaram Anushan, 2016). Es también importante resaltar que por rangos de edad, la población es joven, donde alrededor del 20,0% son menores de 18 años; situación que implica mayor demanda de servicios educativos y mayores presiones para el mercado de trabajo en el corto plazo.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Estrategias de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria para el Emprendimiento y la Inclusión Laboral de Comunidades Vulnerables.

Peralta¹,

Araque²,

Hernández³

et al. 2018

Tendencias en La Investigación Universitaria. Una Visión Desde Latinoamérica. Volumen IV

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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar estrategias de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria RSU para el emprendimiento y la inclusión laboral de comunidades vulnerables. Teniendo en cuenta sus alcances es una investigación aplicada a partir de un estudio descriptivo, utilizando una metodología mixta; de un lado, cuantitativa desde la aplicación de dos cuestionarios uno para hogares y otro para emprendedores, del otro, cualitativa desde la información suministrada por informantes clave mediante entrevistas no estructuradas. Para la elección de la muestra de hogares se tuvo en cuenta los siguientes criterios estadísticos; una población de 2000 hogares, un nivel de confianza de 95,5%; 5,0% margen de error, 11,0% como probabilidad de ocurrencia, índice de vulnerabilidad sucre (González, 2014) y 89,0% como probabilidad de no ocurrencia, a partir de estos datos se obtuvo una muestra de 150 hogares. Según los resultados la población estudiada, tiene niveles educativos bajos, donde, solo el 18,5% de los encuestados tiene como nivel de estudios el superior técnico, tecnológico y universitario; el resto tiene primaria o secundaria incompleta; por otro lado, esta población tiene una tasa de desempleo relativamente alta, de 24,84% - por encima del promedio nacional de 9,2%. La población que está empleada ejerce oficios informales en el 79,50% de los casos relacionados principalmente con albañilería, mototaxismo, ventas callejeras y servicio doméstico. Finalmente, el 22,97% de la población es económicamente activa y el 34,75% de la población ocupada en la urbanización, desean tener o poseen un emprendimiento productivo, sin embargo, solo el 15,00% de toda la población tiene algún negocio, siendo éstos, actividades informales y de subsistencia. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la comunidad indagada, tiene escasas posibilidades de generar emprendimientos sostenibles y formas de empleo autogestionadas, por consiguiente, es fundamental la intervención y el acompañamiento de distintas instituciones para la generación de oportunidades de desarrollo comunitario.

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“…Second, the model also controls for the racial minority status (1 if non-white and 0 if white), as socio-historical experiences associated with racial minority status may influence racial minorities’ entrepreneurial behaviors (Neville et al, 2018). Third, studies show that educational attainment is closely related to development entrepreneurship, with higher educational attainment being associated with the decision to start an entrepreneurship and ability to run it (Orlova et al, 2016; Singh and Crump, 2007). Four different levels of educational attainment were specified and assigned numbers from 1 to 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keep the fire burning: Social entrepreneurs’ motives, role stress, perceived work competence and passion

Lee

Hwang

2022

Journal of General Management

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This study examines factors affecting social entrepreneurs’ passion, focusing on their motives, job stress, and perceived work competence. The analysis of the survey data of 264 self-identified social entrepreneurs working in different types of organizations reveals that other-oriented motives are strongly associated with passion while self-oriented motives are not. The results also show that job stress is negatively correlated with social entrepreneurs’ passion. When the perceived work competence is included as a mediator, however, it alters the nature of the job stress-passion relationship, suggesting that job stress can positively affect social entrepreneurs’ passion when they perceive a high level of competence. The findings also suggest that perceived work competence reinforces the positive relationship between other-oriented motives and passion. This paper concludes with practical implications for social entrepreneurship education.

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Impact of Educational Attainment on the Development of Female Entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Monetary Theory of the Genesis of the State, Prospects for Electronic Money and Transnational Law

Monetary Theory of the Genesis of the State, Prospects for Electronic Money and Transnational Law

Estrategias de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria para el Emprendimiento y la Inclusión Laboral de Comunidades Vulnerables.

Keep the fire burning: Social entrepreneurs’ motives, role stress, perceived work competence and passion

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