Impact of e-liquid flavors on e-cigarette vaping behavior

Helen, Gideon St.; Shahid, Marian; Chu, Sherman; Benowitz, Neal L.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.032

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Aroma is a known parameter that affects the stability of products. For example, nicotine is easily oxidized by common substances found in mint, vanilla, and fruit flavors [28]. e conditions of storage and conservation are also incriminated and can also be responsible for many unknown impurities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Cigarette Quality Control: Impurity and Nicotine Level Analysis in Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids

Bennani¹,

Chentoufi²,

Karbane³

et al. 2020

The Scientific World Journal

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This work targets mainly the quality control of electronic cigarette liquids. It relies on an analytical control of a “32-product” sample made of several types of e-cigarette liquids taken from various supermarkets and tobacconist’s offices in Morocco. All along this study, we made sure to check both the conformity of the nicotine level indicated in the packaging of each product and the existence of any other components inside the product, especially toxic or unknown impurities. The method used for this study is known under the name of high-performance liquid chromatography. For statistical analysis, we used Student’s t-test for a single sample in order to analyze the relative differences between nicotine quantity reported in the product and the one measured during our experiment. Finally, we used linear regression test to determine the relationship between the nicotine level accuracy on the packaging and the level of toxic impurities in the products. The differences between the nicotine concentrations reported in the packages and the measured ones varied from −100% to +3.3%. The study showed that 31% of analyzed products have an accurate indication of the level of nicotine on the packaging. However, 47% of the studied products showed more than 20% difference between measure and packaging indication. In all analyzed samples, the level of impurities altered from 0 to 32.6%. Furthermore, the level of the nicotine breakdown products did not exceed 2% of the nicotine content in pretty much all of the samples. The actual nicotine content of electronic cigarette refill liquids is not always as precise as what is stated on the packaging; in addition to the level of impurities detected in several brands and that exceeds the European Pharmacopoeia standards, some may even present a risk of causing toxicological damage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Cigarette Quality Control: Impurity and Nicotine Level Analysis in Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids

Bennani¹,

Chentoufi²,

Karbane³

et al. 2020

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Plasma nicotine concentration was determined at the Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco, using GC-MS/ MS 24 which was modified for tandem mass spectrometry for improved sensitivity. 25 The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 1.0 ng/mL. Any time points at which plasma nicotine concentration was below LOQ were replaced with LOQ/ 2.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized within‐subject trial to evaluate smokers’ initial perceptions, subjective effects and nicotine delivery across six vaporized nicotine products

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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“…Indeed, there was indication of attempts to self-titrate using flavours. Whilst there is a strong body of evidence suggesting that nicotine self-titration can be achieved (at least partly) via adjusting puffing patterns in both e-cigarettes users ( Dawkins et al, 2018 ; Dawkins, Kimber, Doig, Feyerabend, & Corcoran, 2016 ) and smokers ( Ashton, Stepney, & Thompson, 1979 ; Russell, Jarvis, Iyer, & Feyerabend, 1980 ), how flavours may impact puffing patterns, usage styles and nicotine delivery has only recently been explored ( St Helen, Shahid, Chu, & Benowitz, 2018 ). Furthermore, there was variation in PG/VG ratio both between and within participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration into “do-it-yourself” (DIY) e-liquid mixing: Users' motivations, practices and product laboratory analysis

Cox

Leigh

Vanderbush

et al. 2019

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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Background E-liquids are commercially available and manufactured, however some users of e-cigarettes prefer to prepare them at home (Do-it-Yourself; DIY) using individual ingredients. To date there is a paucity of research on how and why users make their own e-liquids. Methods Forty-one European and US based exclusive users of e-cigarettes (ex-smokers) were individually interviewed. Structured interviews focused on motivations for home-mixing, practices, buying habits and broader themes around reasons for long-term vaping. We also measured nicotine and solvent concentrations and analysed 33 DIY e-liquids collected from 16 participants for nicotine, solvents, flavourings, and potentially harmful chemicals. Results There were four main reasons for DIY: 1) economical (financial savings), 2) self-control over manufacturing process, 3) novelty, fun and 4) higher nicotine concentrations. Twelve out of 16 participants achieved nicotine concentration within 20% of their intended limit. Samples from five participants were above the EU Tobacco Products Directive's (TPD) 20 mg/ml nicotine concentration upper limit. Most samples contained more vegetable glycerine (VG) than propylene glycol (PG) and the most commonly used flavourings were dessert, e.g. , vanilla and caramel. Chemical analysis also revealed presence of several potentially harmful chemicals and respiratory irritants, including cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and acetoin. Conclusion DIY may offer users of e-cigarettes a long-term affordable practical method of vaping. Recommended safety advice needs to reflect actual and fast moving user behaviour.

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Impact of e-liquid flavors on e-cigarette vaping behavior

Abstract: Vaping behavior changes across e-liquids and influences nicotine intake. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms that underlie these behavioral changes, including e-liquid pH and related sensory effects, subjective liking, and nicotine effects.

Cited by 55 publications

References 39 publications

E-Cigarette Quality Control: Impurity and Nicotine Level Analysis in Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids

E-Cigarette Quality Control: Impurity and Nicotine Level Analysis in Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids

Randomized within‐subject trial to evaluate smokers’ initial perceptions, subjective effects and nicotine delivery across six vaporized nicotine products

An exploration into “do-it-yourself” (DIY) e-liquid mixing: Users' motivations, practices and product laboratory analysis

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