Impact of dyslipidemia on cardiovascular risk stratification of hypertensive patients and association of lipid profile with other cardiovascular risk factors: results from the ICEBERG study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other cardiovascular risk factors are linked epidemiologically, clinically, and metabolically. Intensive/Initial Cardiovascular Examination regarding Blood Pressure levels, Evaluation of Risk Groups (ICEBERG) study focuses on the effect of dyslipidemia on cardiovascular risk evaluation and association of lipid profi le with other risk factors. Patients and methods:The ICEBERG study consisted of two sub-protocols: ICEBERG-1, conducted at 20 university hospitals (Referral Group) and ICEBERG-2, conducted at 197 primary healthcare centers (Primary Care Group). Sub-protocol had two patient profi les: patients previously diagnosed with essential hypertension and under medical treatment (Treated Group) and patients with systolic blood pressure Ն130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure Ն85 mmHg, with no antihypertensive treatment for at least 3 months before inclusion (Untreated Group). Dyslipidemia was evaluated and cardiovascular risk stratifi cation was performed according to ESC/ESH guidelines. Results: More than half of the treated and untreated subjects were classifi ed into high or very high cardiovascular risk groups. In a total of 1817 patients, the percentage of patients in "high" plus "very high" added risk groups increased to 55.2% in Treated Referral Group (p Ͻ 0.001), to 62.6% in Untreated Referral Group (p = 0.25) and to 60.7% in Untreated Primary Care Group (p Ͻ 0.001), by re-evaluation of patients' lipid values. Conclusions: Serum lipid levels are useful in stratifying hypertensive patients into cardiovascular risk groups more accurately, for appropriate antihypertensive treatment.

The association between blood pressure and lipid levels in Europe

“…Our results are in agreement with those of previously conducted studies [15,16]. Given the high concomitant prevalence of hyperlipidaemia and hypertension observed in this and other studies [2,3], further research is warranted to assess the BP-lowering effect of statins in addition to standard hypertensive treatment and to develop more effective multidisciplinary management of patients with both dyslipidaemia and hypertension.…”

“…for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coexist in a substantial proportion of patients [1][2][3]. It has also been shown that the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in patients with hypertension and dyslipidaemia is greater than the sum of CHD risks for hypertension and dyslipidaemia when they occur alone [4], thereby supporting a degree of clinical interaction between the two risk factors.…”

The prevalence of dislipidemia and its relation to other risk factors: a nationwide survey of Lithuania

“…Comparing levels of TC in other countries of Europe on average 61% (54% men, 66% women) of patients has TC rate higher than 5 mmol/l, however Lithuania still has the highest prevalence. According to the statistics of the American Heart Association, 15% of patients had total cholesterol levels exceeding 6 mmol/l [15]. GENOA study has shown an increase in the rate of LDL cholesterol, which depending on gender and race varied from 59.6 to 75.7%.…”

Cardiovascular Risk in Tunisian Patients with Bipolar I Disorder

“…Each 1 mg/dL decrease in HDL cholesterol has been shown to increase risk for coronary artery disease by 2% in men and 3% in women. The Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Interventional Trial, investigating the impact of fibrate therapy on cardiovascular risk, demonstrated that 6% increase in HDL cholesterol was associated with a 22% decrease in coronary events (Kabakci et al, 2008). In addition, Lp(a) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis (Hakim et al, 2008) and has been found to exert a broad variety of pro-atherogenic and pro-thrombotic properties (von Eckardstein et al, 2001).…”