Impact of Dust Storms on the Organic Composition in the Ambient Aerosol

Kwon, Soo Hyun; Kim, Yong Pyo; Lee, Ji Yi

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.04.0105

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Venkataraman et al (2002), notes that knowing the relative abundance of various PAH species in particulate matter, allows us to evaluate the mutagenic/carcinogenic risks (Shen et al, 2013) as well as the source identification. Additionally, the size distribution of PAHs affect the transport, atmospheric wet and dry deposition as well as deposition in the human respiratory system of PAHs (Kawanaka et al, 2004;Kameda et al, 2005;Wu et al, 2006;Kwon et al, 2013).…”

Section: Particle Size Distribution Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

135

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of semi-volatile organic carbons that are emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources therefore are ubiquitous in nature. Their main sources are both fossil and biomass fuels as well as other feedstocks used in chemical and combustion processes. Mostly the combustion processes are PAH depletion processes rather than PAH generating processes. PAHs are emitted from both stationary and mobile sources at varying levels depending on the operation conditions such as fuels, feedstock, and control devices in use as well as process parameters for example combustion temperatures.After emission from sources, the fates of PAHs in the atmosphere include partitioning between gas and particulate phases, particle size distribution, long range transport, dry and wet deposition on to water bodies, soil, vegetation and other receptor surfaces as well as resuspension from receptor surfaces back to the atmosphere. These processes are controlled by their physiochemical properties. Additionally, it is through these processes that human beings are exposed to PAHs via inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact.Dry deposition is the major process through which PAHs from the atmosphere are made available to receptor surfaces including the human respiratory system. From studies with cumulative fractions of dry deposition and size distribution for particulate PAHs, it is evident that the coarse particles are majorly responsible for the highest fraction of deposition fluxes. This is especially true for the high molecular weight PAHs, since the low molecular weight PAHs are majorly in the gas phase, which have lower dry deposition velocities. On the other hand, the highest risk for human being comes in the form of fine particles, whose mean aerodynamic diameter is below 2.5 µm. This is because the particle bound content results and particle size distributions of PAHs indicate that the fine particles have the most PAH content owing to their large surface areas and high organic carbon content. For the wet deposition of PAHs, more research is recommended for measurement of scavenging ratios of individual PAHs, since there is a scarcity of studies focusing on this issue.PAH mutagenic activity and exposure risk of humans can be estimated using the deposition rates, toxicity levels based on benzo(a)pyrene, or biomarkers such as urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Other parameters that have been used to evaluate the risks of various exposure groups include inhalation exposure levels (IEL), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and estimation of maximum consumption time (t max ). Highway toll workers, back carbon workers and food vendors in night markets are among susceptible groups identified using these biomarkers and exposure parameters.To reduce exposure to human beings, PAH emissions need to be controlled at the sources. Control and reduction of PAH emissions from various sources involves largely altering the fuel and feedstock characteristics, using air pollution control devices and/or adjustin...

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Section: Particle Size Distribution Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

135

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“…In recent years, long-range transport of air pollutants has often been observed around the East China Sea and the Japan Sea regions in winter and spring Takami et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2007;Hatakeyama et al, 2011;Lai et al, 2011;Kwon et al, 2012). The emissions of carbonaceous aerosols, for example, particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes, have also increased (Su et al, 2006;Zhang and Tao, 2009;Inomata, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transported and Local Organic Aerosols over Fukuoka, Japan

Sato

Takami

Irei

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In order to understand transported and local pollution in an urban area that are strongly affected by long-range transport of air pollution, daily concentrations of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 20 n-alkanes in the total suspended particles were simultaneously measured at sites in Western Japan on Fukue Island (FI), located downwind of mainland East Asia, and Fukuoka City (FC), a megacity close (< 200 km) to the FI site, in spring and winter 2010 and summer 2011. The average total PAH concentration observed at the FC site (2.93 ± 2.17 ng/m 3 ) was higher than that at the FI site (1.78 ± 1.70 ng/m 3 ). The average total n-alkane concentration at the FC site (34.7 ± 21.8 ng/m 3 ) was also higher than that at the FI site (12.2 ± 9.2 ng/m 3 ). However, the total PAH and n-alkane concentrations measured at the FI site were considerably high, despite its remote location. The seasonal changes in the specific PAH ratios, used to determine the source of pollutants, were similar between the FC and FI sites. The average fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) ratio was 0.57-0.65 in winter and spring and 0.48-0.51 in summer. PAHs observed at both sites mainly originated from coal or biomass combustion in spring or winter, whereas those were affected by petroleum combustion as well as coal and biomass combustion in summer. These field results show that pollutants transported from mainland East Asia make a significant contribution to the total PAHs and n-alkanes at the FC site in the winter and spring seasons.

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Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rural households burning solid fuels in Xuanwei County, Southwest China: occurrence, size distribution, and health risks

Han,

Li,

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Impact of Dust Storms on the Organic Composition in the Ambient Aerosol

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Transported and Local Organic Aerosols over Fukuoka, Japan

Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rural households burning solid fuels in Xuanwei County, Southwest China: occurrence, size distribution, and health risks

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