Impact of Drain Effluent on Surficial Sediments in the Mediterranean Coastal Wetland: Sedimentological Characteristics and Metal Pollution Status at Lake Manzala, Egypt

Farhat, Hassan I.

doi:10.1007/s11802-019-3608-0

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…); in addition, iron sulfate is also used in the fertilizer and herbicide industries [ 42 ]. In agreement with Farhat [ 40 ], who stated that iron and manganese are closely associated in a geochemical cycle, the concentration of manganese came after that of iron.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Our results showed that the most abundant element is iron, with a concentration in the sediments that varied from 46301.33 mg/kg in the upstream to 51412.33 mg/kg in the downstream ( Table 2 ). As expected, Fe is a common element in any environment, and is ranked the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust after oxygen and silicon [ 40 , 41 ]. The Fe distribution in the water stream is influenced by anthropogenic activities (steel industry, sewage, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals along Three Main Drains in Nile Delta and Potential Phytoremediation by Macrophyte Plants

El‐Amier

Bonanomi

Al‐Rowaily

et al. 2020

Plants

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The use of drainage water in the irrigation of agroecosystem is associated with environmental hazards, and can pose threats to human health. Nine heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb) along three main drains in the middle Nile Delta were measures in the sediments, roots and shoots of three common macrophytes (Echinochloa stagnina, Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis). The physicochemical characteristics, as well as the enrichment factor (Ef), contamination factor (Cf), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk factor (Er), degree of contamination (Dc) and potential ecological risk index (PERI), were determined for sediment. The metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were assessed for plants. Data revealed high contents of Cr, Zn and Cd in the upstream of the drains, while Mn, Cu and Ni were recorded in high concentrations in the downstream. Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn were recorded to be within EU (2002), CSQGD (2007) and US EPA (1999) limits, while Cd and Pb showed high a ecological risk index. This high concentration of pollutants could be attributed to unremitting industrial activities, which can bioaccumulate in the food chains and cause serious problems for humans. The root of P. australis showed the effective accumulation of most of the elements, while T. domingensis revealed the highest accumulation of Pb. However, the highest BAF shoot value was found in T. domingensis for most of the heavy metals, except for Fe and Zn in P. australis and Mn in E. stagnina. Thus, P. australis could be used as a potential phytoextractor of these hazardous metals, as an eco-friendly and cost-efficient method for remediation of the polluted drains. Further, T. domingensis could be integrated as a hyperaccumulator of Pb. Strict laws and regulations must be taken into consideration by the policymaker against unmanaged industrial activities, particularly near the water streams in the Nile Delta.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals along Three Main Drains in Nile Delta and Potential Phytoremediation by Macrophyte Plants

El‐Amier

Bonanomi

Al‐Rowaily

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Fe and Mn were the most abundant metals in the sediment in the three drains among the investigated metals. This finding is in accordance with the fact that Fe and Mn are the most common and associated metals in the earth’s crust and usually exist in oxide and hydroxide forms [ 41 ]. Conversely, the high concentrations of sediment Fe and Mn may be attributed to anthropogenic activities, runoff of sewage, fertilizers, etc.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Phytoremediation Perspectives of Seven Aquatic Macrophytes for Removal of Heavy Metals from Polluted Drains in the Nile Delta of Egypt

Abdelaal

Mashaly

Srour

et al. 2021

Biology

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The current study addressed the heavy metals accumulation potentials of seven perennial aquatic macrophytes (Cyperus alopecuroides, Echinochloa stagnina, Eichhornia crassipes, Ludwigia stolonifera, Phragmites australis, Ranunculus sceleratus and Typha domingensis) and the pollution status of three drains (Amar, El-Westany and Omar-Beck) in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Nine sites at each drain were sampled for sediment and plant analyses. Concentrations of eight metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni, and Pb) were determined in the sediment and the aboveground and belowground tissues of the selected macrophytes. Bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) were computed for each species. The sediment heavy metals concentrations of the three drains occurred in the following order: El-Westany > Amar > Omar-Beck. The concentrations of sediment heavy metals in the three drains were ordered as follows: Fe (438.45–615.17 mg kg−1) > Mn (341.22–481.09 mg kg−1) > Zn (245.08–383.19 mg kg−1) > Cu (205.41–289.56 mg kg−1) > Pb (31.49–97.73 mg kg−1) > Cd (13.97–55.99 mg kg−1) > Ni (14.36–39.34 mg kg−1) > Co (1.25–3.51 mg kg−1). The sediment exceeded the worldwide permissible ranges of Cu, Zn and Pb, but ranged within safe limits for Mn, Cd, Ni and Co. P. australis accumulated the highest concentrations of Fe, Co, Cd and Ni, while E. crassipes contained the highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Pb. Except for C. alopecuroides and Cu metal, the studied species had BF values greater than one for the investigated heavy metals. Nevertheless, the TFs of all species (except Cd in L. stolonifera) were less than one. Hence, the studied species are appropriate for accumulation, biomonitoring, and phytostabilization of the investigated metals.

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“…Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) are employed to evaluate the hazards and risks of pollutants in sediments, and the derivation of SQGs relies on the toxicity effects of chemical substances on benthic organisms (Camargo et al 2015; Sazakli et al 2015; Benson et al 2018; Farhat 2019; McGrath et al 2019). To investigate the toxicity effects caused by pollutants, laboratory bioassays are used because they are rapid and inexpensive and allow toxicant effects to be measured in the absence of confounding variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Impacts of Sediment‐Spiked Cadmium on Chironomidae Larvae in Laboratory Bioassays and Field Microcosms and the Implications for Field Validation of Site‐Specific Threshold Concentrations

Liu

Zhang

Xin

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Information on the effects of pollutants in sediments at an ecosystem level to validate current and proposed risk‐assessment procedures is scarce. The most frequent criticism of these procedures is that responses of surrogate species in the laboratory are not representative of responses of natural populations. A tiered approach using both laboratory and microcosm exposures (96‐h and 21‐d laboratory bioassays and a 3‐mo field microcosm) was conducted to compare the impacts of sediment‐spiked cadmium on the mortality, development, and abundance of Chironomidae larvae. The 96‐h and 21‐d lethal concentrations of sediment‐spiked Cd to 50% of the species Chironomus riparius were estimated to be 201.07 and 172.66 mg/kg, respectively. In the 21‐d laboratory bioassay, the endpoints, including the development rate and emergence ratio, were compared, and the lowest‐observed‐effect concentration (LOEC) values were 325.8 and 10.7 mg/kg, respectively. The abundance, richness, and biomass of field‐collected larvae were compared among the different treatments in the field microcosm, and it was found that the order of sensitivities using different endpoints was biomass (2.6/5.2 mg/kg of no‐observed‐effect concentration/LOEC) > diversity (10.7/21.2 mg/kg) > abundance (41.2/82.7 mg/kg). The toxicity values based on lethal/sublethal changes in the laboratory bioassays might not fully protect field organisms against damage from chemicals, such as Cd, unless an assessment factor of 5 is used. These findings highlight the need to conduct field validation of criteria/guidelines before they are introduced to protect organisms/ecosystems in the field and provide a preliminary template for future field validation of criteria elsewhere. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2450–2462. © 2021 SETAC

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Impact of Drain Effluent on Surficial Sediments in the Mediterranean Coastal Wetland: Sedimentological Characteristics and Metal Pollution Status at Lake Manzala, Egypt

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals along Three Main Drains in Nile Delta and Potential Phytoremediation by Macrophyte Plants

Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals along Three Main Drains in Nile Delta and Potential Phytoremediation by Macrophyte Plants

Phytoremediation Perspectives of Seven Aquatic Macrophytes for Removal of Heavy Metals from Polluted Drains in the Nile Delta of Egypt

Comparing the Impacts of Sediment‐Spiked Cadmium on Chironomidae Larvae in Laboratory Bioassays and Field Microcosms and the Implications for Field Validation of Site‐Specific Threshold Concentrations

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