Impact of Disease States on the Oral Pharmacokinetics of EIDD-1931 (an Active Form of Molnupiravir) in Rats for Implication in the Dose Adjustment

Abstract

The pharmacokinetic alteration of an antimicrobial medication leading to sub-therapeutic plasma level can aid in the emergence of resistance, a global threat nowadays. In this context, molnupiravir (prodrug of EIDD-1931) is the most efficacious orally against corona virus disease (COVID-19). In addition to drug−drug interaction, the pharmacokinetics of a drug can significantly vary during any disease state, leading to disease−drug interaction. However, no information is available for such a recently approved drug. Therefore, we aimed to explore the oral pharmacokinetics of EIDD-1931 in seven chemically induced disease states individually compared to the normal state using various rat models. Induction of any disease situation was confirmed by the disease specific study(s) prior to pharmacokinetic investigations. Compared to the normal state, substantially lowered plasma exposure (0.47-and 0.63-fold) with notably enhanced clearance (2.00-and 1.56-fold) of EIDD-1931 was observed in rats of ethanol-induced gastric injury and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury states. Conversely, paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and cisplatin-induced kidney injury states exhibited opposite outcomes on oral exposure (1.43-and 1.50-fold) and clearance (0.69-and 0.65-fold) of EIDD-1931. Although the highest plasma concentration (2.26-fold) markedly augmented in the doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury state, streptozocin-induced diabetes and lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury state did not substantially influence the pharmacokinetics of EIDD-1931. Exploring the possible phenomenon behind the reduced or boosted plasma exposure of EIDD-1931, results suggest the need for dose adjustment in respective diseased conditions in order to achieve desired efficacy during oral therapy of EIDD-1931.

Cannabidiol-Based Prodrugs: Synthesis and Bioevaluation

“…It helps to infer the state of the prodrug in the stomach and intestine prior to reaching systemic circulation upon its oral administration. The present in vitro studies were carried out using omeprazole as the standard for SGF, and results corroborate with the literature value. , Interestingly, all of the experimental candidates had adequate stability (≥74%) in the experimental time frame, irrespective of the test media. A similar report on satisfactory stability behavior CBD 1 is also reported in SGF .…”