Impact of different oral treatments on the composition of the supragingival plaque microbiome

Abstract

Background Dental plaque consists of a diverse microbial community embedded in a complex structure of exopolysaccharides. Dental biofilms form a natural barrier against pathogens but lead to oral diseases in a dysbiotic state. Objective Using a metaproteome approach combined with a standard plaque-regrowth study, this pilot study examined the impact of different concentrations of lactoperoxidase (LPO) on early plaque formation, and active biological processes. Design Sixteen orally healthy subjects received four local treatments as a randomized single-blind study based on a cross-over design. Two lozenges containing components of the LPO-system in different concentrations were compared to a placebo and Listerine®. The newly formed dental plaque was analyzed by mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Results On average 1,916 metaproteins per sample were identified, which could be assigned to 116 genera and 1,316 protein functions. Listerine® reduced the number of metaproteins and their relative abundance, confirming the plaque inhibiting effect. The LPO-lozenges triggered mainly higher metaprotein abundances of early and secondary colonizers as well as bacteria associated with dental health but also periodontitis. Functional information indicated plaque biofilm growth. Conclusion In conclusion, the mechanisms on plaque biofilm formation of Listerine® and the LPO-system containing lozenges are different. In contrast to Listerine®, the lozenges led to a higher bacterial diversity.

N-acyl homoserine lactone signaling modulates bacterial community associated with human dental plaque

“…Supragingival plaque microbial population structure has been previously well documented [97][98][99]. However, its potential changes induced by oxygen conditions are unclear.…”

“…The microbial population structure of supragingival dental plaque has been well characterized [97][98][99]102,103,106]. The pioneer and early colonizers are primarily composed of Streptococci, Lactobacillales and Actinomyces, whose abundance is in indicator of a healthy oral microbiota.…”

Understanding bacterial biofilms: From definition to treatment strategies

“…Non-device-related infections also have a significant impact on health problems. Dental plaque ( Rabe et al., 2022 ), urinary tract infections ( Singh et al., 2022 ), cystic fibrosis ( Vandeplassche et al., 2020 ), otitis media ( Bair et al., 2020 ), infective endocarditis ( Han and Poma, 2022 ), tonsillitis ( Klagisa et al., 2022 ), periodontitis ( Prado et al., 2022 ), necrotizing fasciitis ( Grier et al., 2021 ), osteomyelitis ( Huang et al., 2022 ), infective kidney stones ( Fayez Hassan et al., 2021 ), chronic inflammatory diseases ( Wu et al., 2015 ), bacterial vaginitis ( Arroyo-Moreno et al., 2022 ), and bladder infections ( Mirzaei et al., 2020 ) are all examples of non-device-related bacterial biofilm infections.…”