Impact of Different Levels of Bulk Densities Combination on Yield and Yield Component of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Abstract

An experiment was conducted on the impact of different levels of bulk densities combination on yield and yield components of wheat. Three bulk density levels 1.00-1.30 (A) g cm-3, 1.30-1.60 (B) g cm-3 and 1.60-1.90 (C) g cm-3 with three different depths (0-15, 16-30 and 31-45 cm) were used in the experiment using silt loam soil (Pedocals). The total treatments were 27 in the experiment with three replications. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment means were checked at the confidence level of 95% of probability. The soil 0-45 cm deep was shifted from the field (no-till) to the net house and was act as control. The results showed that the number of tillers plant-1, number of leaves plant-1 and thousand grain yield were non-significantly affected by all the treatments while number of seed emerged, root length, dry root weight, plant height, grain yield , biological yield and harvest index were significantly influenced by various treatments. The highest number of seed germinated (8.00) was found in the treatment BBB (1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-45 cm soil depth), BAB (1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 15-30 cm and 1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 30-45 cm soil depth) and BCB (1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 1.60-1.90 g cm-3 in 15-30 cm and 1.30-1.60 g cm-3 in 30-45 cm) while the lowest number of seed emerged (3.6) was found in AAA (1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm soil depth), ACA (1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 0-15 cm, 1.60-1.90 g cm-3 in 15-30 cm and 1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 30-45 cm soil depth) and CAC (1.60-1.90 g cm -3 in 0-15 cm, 1.00-1.30 g cm-3 in 15-30 cm and 1.60-1.90 g cm-3 in 30-45 cm soil depth). The highest root length (13.12 cm) was found in the treatment AAA while the lowest root length (10.05 cm) was found in CAC. The highest dry root weight (5.67g) was found in the treatment ABA while the lowest dry root weight (4.79g) was found in control treatment. The highest plant height (42.67 cm) was found in the treatment of BBA while the lowest plant height (29.67 cm) was found in control. The highest biological yield (12.1 metric ton ha-1) was found in the treatment ABA while the lowest biological yield (6.8 metric ton ha-1) was found in control. The highest grain yield (4.4 metric ton ha-1) was found by ABB while the lowest (2.7 metric ton ha-1) was found in the control. The highest harvest index (39.79%) was found in the control while the lowest harvest index (34.54%) was found in CCA. The experiment showed that increasing bulk density above 1.60 g cm-3 resulted in decreasing the yield and yield component of the winter wheat. The number of seed emerged, root length, dry root weight, plant height, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index of wheat were significantly affected by soil bulk density in various depths.

Phenological and yield components response of major exotic maize varieties to different levels of soil bulk densities

“…These results are in accordance with Anjum et al (2018), who reported that various hybrids responded differently for shoot thickness. In contrast, Sabir et al (2021) reported that various hybrids responded differently in shoot thickness, but no effect was due to soil compaction. However, Yan et al (2019) also recorded a significant change in shoot thickness in maize by different bulk densities in soil.…”

“…The statistical software SAS (SAS Institute Inc) was used to analyze data. This analysis of variance provided the standard error difference and the application of Fisher's tests for comparing treatments (Sabir et al, 2021).…”

“…Which ultimately resulted in an enhanced yield of maize. Sabir et al (2021) reported that crop yield in different cereals could be reduced from 30% to 50% if the soil bulk density increased from 1.32 to 1.70 g cm -3 . Yan et al (2019) applied farm yard manure along with biochar at different depths, i.e.…”