Impact of different inclusion levels of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fronds on fatty acid profiles of goat muscles

Abstract

The effects of different inclusion levels of oil palm fronds (OPF) on the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD), biceps femoris (BF) and infraspinatus (IS) muscle of goats fed for 100 days are described. Twenty-four individually housed Kacang crossbred male goats (averaged 21.7 ± 0.97 kg BW) were allocated to three groups receiving either a 100% concentrate control diet (CON), diet with 25% inclusion level of OPF (HAF) or a diet with 50% inclusion of OPF. The diets were adjusted to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed at 3.0% of BW daily. Samples of LD, BF and IS muscles were taken at slaughter for the determination of fatty acid profiles. The total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the LD and BF muscles of the OPF group were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the CON group. For all muscles, C18:3n-3 and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the OPF group than the CON group with minimal impact on the C18:2n-6 and total n-6PUFA. Consequently, the n-6:n-3 ratio significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the OPF group compared to the CON group. The LD muscle had a significantly higher conjugated linoleic acid 18:2 c19t11 compared to other muscles. There were no interactions between muscle x diet except for total SFA. It is concluded that OPF at 25-50% inclusion levels may decrease the SFA and increase the n-3PUFA content in chevon, with no apparent adverse effects on the growth performance of the animals, can be used as a feed ingredient to support goat farming in countries that lack grazing pasture.

The Effects of Adding Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cellulase in Oil Palm(Elais GuineensisJacq.) Frond Silages on Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition and in Vitro Digestibility

“…Thus, the main objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of adding cellulase and LAB or the combination of the two on the process of fermentation of OPF. Oil palm frond is rich in both linoleic and -linolenic acid and values are typically in the order of 12.8 and 24.5 g/100 g fatty acids, respectively (Ebrahimi et al, 2012). However, to the authors' knowledge, there is yet no information on the fate of linoleic and -linolenic acid during the process of ensiling.…”

Mangosteen peel can reduce methane production and rumen biohydrogenation <i>in vitro</i>

“…Total fatty acids were extracted from the whole syringe content after 24 h of incubation, based on the method of Folch et al (1957), modified by Rajion et al (1985), as described by Ebrahimi et al (2012) using chloroform/methanol 2:1 (v/v) containing butylated hydroxy toluene to prevent oxidation during sample preparation. After complete separation, the lower phase was collected in a round bottom flask and rotary evaporated (Laborota 4000-efficient; Heidolph, Germany) at 70 ºC.…”

The effect of breed on fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissues in fat-tailed sheep under identical feeding conditions

“…Total FAs were extracted from the feed and fat, using the method of Folch et al (1957) with some modifications by Rajion et al (1985) as described by Ebrahimi et al (2012), using chloroform : methanol (2 : 1 v/v) containing butylated hydroxyl toluene to prevent oxidation during sample preparation. One gram of the experimental diet and 0.5 g tissue were homogenized in 40 mL chloroform : methanol (2 : 1 v/v) using an Ultra-Turrax T5 FU homogenizer (IKA AnalysentechnikGmBH, Heidolph, Viertrieb, Germany) in a 50-mL stoppered ground-glass extraction tubes.…”