Impact of diets rich in olive oil, palm oil or lard on myokine expression in rats

Gauze-Gnagne, Chantal; Raynaud, Fabrice; Djohan, Youzan Ferdinand; Lauret, Céline; Feillet‐Coudray, Christine; Coudray, Charles; Monde, Absalome; Koffi, Gustave; Moréna, Marion; Camara-Cisse, Massara; Cristol, Jean Paul; Badia, Eric

doi:10.1039/d0fo01269f

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…It is difficult to explain the individual dietary intake of nutrients because they act synergistically to maintain body homeostasis. The study of Gauze-Gnagne et al [49], conducted on rats, assessed the influence of various high-fat diets rich in palm oil or olive oil on the modulation of myokine gene expression. The authors reported that high-fat diets (dependending on the type of fat used) can differentially modulate the expression of some myokines (decreased irisin and increased myonectin levels).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a Vegetarian Diet Affect the Levels of Myokine and Adipokine in Prepubertal Children?

Ambroszkiewicz¹,

Gajewska²,

Mazur

et al. 2021

JCM

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Myokines are cytokines secreted by muscle and exert autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. Myokines mediate communication between muscle and other organs, including adipose tissue. The aim of the study was to assess serum myokines and their relationships with adipokines and anthropometric and nutritional parameters in children following vegetarian and omnivorous diets. One hundred and five prepubertal children were examined. Among them there were 55 children on a vegetarian diet and 50 children on an omnivorous diet. Concentrations of myokines (myostatin, irisin) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, omentin, visfatin) in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We observed comparable median values of serum myokines and adipokines (except of leptin concentration) in both of the studied groups of children. We also found several correlations between myokine and adipokine levels and certain nutritional parameters. Serum myostatin was positively correlated with omentin levels in vegetarians and omnivores (p = 0.002). Serum irisin was positively associated with omentin (p = 0.045) levels in omnivores and inversely with visfatin concentration (p = 0.037) in vegetarians. Myostatin concentration was negatively correlated with the percentage of energy from protein (p = 0.014), calcium (p = 0.046), and vitamin A (p = 0.028) intakes in vegetarians and with dietary vitamin C (p = 0.041) and vitamin E (p = 0.021) intakes in omnivores. In multivariate regression analyses, positive correlations of serum myostatin with omentin levels were revealed in both study groups (β = 0.437, p < 0.001 for vegetarians; and β = 0.359, p = 0.001 for omnivores). Consuming a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet did not influence serum levels of myokines (myostatin, irisin) and adipokines such as adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin in prepubertal children. However, leptin levels were significantly lower in vegetarians compared with omnivores. The observed significant positive correlations between myostatin and omentin concentrations might suggest tissue cross-talk between skeletal muscle and fat tissue. Further studies, carried out in a larger group of children following different dietary patterns, could be important to fully understand the relations between muscle, adipose tissues, and nutrition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a Vegetarian Diet Affect the Levels of Myokine and Adipokine in Prepubertal Children?

Ambroszkiewicz¹,

Gajewska²,

Mazur

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…e fact that the diets in the study did not promote endothelial dysfunction could be explained, on the one hand, by their antioxidant content. OO and PO contain several classes of minor components such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamin E, which have antioxidant properties [48][49][50]. Lard on the market is enriched with gallate, which is a powerful antioxidant [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Highly Saturated versus Unsaturated Fat Intake on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity in Rat

Djohan

Raynaud

Lambert

et al. 2022

Biochemistry Research International

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Palm olein (PO) and lard are considered harmful to health because of their highly saturated fatty acid content. On the contrary, olive oil (OO) with its high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is considered healthier. This study aims to evaluate the effects of high consumption of these oils on carbohydrate metabolism and vascular function. Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 12 weeks with different high fat diets (HFD) containing 30% of each oil. Systemic glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia were assessed by routine methods or by ELISA. GLUT4 muscular expression and hepatic and muscular Akt phosphorylation were analyzed by western blot. Vascular function was evaluated, ex vivo, on aortic rings and on the variations of isometric tensions. The results show that fasting blood glucose was increased with PO and OO diets and decreased with lard. Compared to control diet, this increase was significant only with PO diet. The area under the curve of IPGTT was increased in all HFD groups. Compared to control diet, this increase was significant only with PO. In contrast, stimulation of the pathway with insulin showed a significant decrease in Akt phosphorylation in all HFD compared to control diet. KCl and phenylephrine induced strong, dose-dependent vasoconstriction of rat aortas in all groups, but KCl EC50 values were increased with lard and OO diets. The inhibitory effect of tempol was absent in PO and lard and attenuated in OO. Vascular insulin sensitivity was decreased in all HFD groups. This decreased sensitivity of insulin was more important with PO and lard when compared to OO diet. In conclusion, the results of this study clearly show that high consumption of palm olein, olive oil, and lard can compromise glucose tolerance and thus insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, palm olein and lard have a more deleterious effect than olive oil on the contractile function of the aorta. Excessive consumption of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids is harmful to health, regardless of their vegetable or animal origin.

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“…Since polyphenols are present both in EVOO and in OLE, it is possible that these molecules are responsible, at least in part, for the beneficial effects of both nutraceuticals on aging-induced sarcopenia. Indeed, flavonoids have been proposed as potential candidates to treat muscle atrophy due to their role in improving mitochondrial function [ 72 ] and decreasing proteolysis through the downregulation of myostatin [ 73 ] and the atrogenes MURF-1 and atrogin-1 [ 74 ]. Moreover, flavonoids are reported to promote myogenesis, upregulating the protein expression of myogenic markers, such as MyoD and myogenin [ 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation to Old Wistar Rats Attenuates Aging-Induced Sarcopenia and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2021

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Aging is associated with increased visceral adiposity and a decrease in the amount of brown adipose tissue and muscle mass, known as sarcopenia, which results in the development of metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to analyze whether 3-week supplementation with a phenolic-rich olive leaf extract (OLE) to 24 months-old male Wistar rats orally (100 mg/kg) attenuated the aging-induced alterations in body composition and insulin resistance. OLE treatment increased brown adipose tissue and attenuated the aging-induced decrease in protein content and gastrocnemius weight. Treatment with OLE prevented the aging-induced increase in the expression of PPAR-γ in visceral and brown adipose tissues, while it significantly increased the expression of PPAR-α in the gastrocnemius of old rats and reduced various markers related to sarcopenia such as myostatin, HDAC-4, myogenin and MyoD. OLE supplementation increased insulin sensitivity in explants of gastrocnemius and epididymal visceral adipose tissue from aged rats through a greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, probably through the attenuation of inflammation in both tissues. In conclusion, supplementation with OLE prevents the loss of muscle mass associated with aging and exerts anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.

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Impact of diets rich in olive oil, palm oil or lard on myokine expression in rats

Abstract: Diets rich in olive oil or palm oil or lard differentially modulate some myokines with anti-inflammatory properties.

Cited by 9 publications

References 81 publications

Does a Vegetarian Diet Affect the Levels of Myokine and Adipokine in Prepubertal Children?

Does a Vegetarian Diet Affect the Levels of Myokine and Adipokine in Prepubertal Children?

Impact of Highly Saturated versus Unsaturated Fat Intake on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity in Rat

Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation to Old Wistar Rats Attenuates Aging-Induced Sarcopenia and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle

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