Impact of dietary Spirulina (arthrospira) platensis on growth performance, gene expression and antioxidant status of quail challenged with salmonella enteritidis.

Abstract

To investigate the effect of dietary Spirulina platensis supplementation on growth performance, organ colonization, expression of inflammatory-related genes, and antioxidant status in quail challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: hundred eighty-seven-day-old Japanese quail. Procedures: birds were randomly allocated into 6 equal groups. G1, G2, and G3: non challenged and fed abasal diet supplemented with Spirulina at 0, 1, and 2 g/kg diet, respectively. G4, G5, and G6: challenged and fed a basal diet supplemented with Spirulina at 0, 1, and 2 g/kg diet, respectively. At 21 days of age, all challenged groups were orally inoculated with 1ml of (1.00x10 7 Salmonella enteritidis/ml). The collected samples were serum for determining biochemical and antioxidant parameters, cecal tissue samples for determination of gene expression of inflammatory-related genes, and tissue samples from liver, heart, spleen, and caecum for bacterial reisolation. Results: The dietary supplementation of Spirulina significantly improved growth performance parameters and reduced organ colonization. The cecal pro-inflammatory gene expressions (IL-6, IL1 ß and TNFα) were significantly downregulated while the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was significantly increased. In addition, gene expression of cecal serum amyloid (SAA) was significantly down-regulated. The antioxidant and serum biochemical parameters were improved. Conclusion and clinical relevance: dietary supplementation of Spirulina could be a helpful strategy for mitigating the harmful effects of Salmonella enteritidis in quail.

Hypocholesterolemic, Antioxidative, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dietary Spirulina platensisis Supplementation on Laying Hens Exposed to Cyclic Heat Stress

“…The total polyphenols and flavonoids of SP in the present study are high enough to augment the antioxidant activity of the SP (29.2%, Table 1 ), and this consequently linearly improved the redox status of layers when fed on incremented levels of the SP ( Table 4 ). Furthermore, the increased SP levels in layer diets linearly reduced the inflammation as displayed in our study ( Table 5 ) and reported in other studies [ 63 , 64 ]. It was reported that phenolic compounds and flavonoids can terminate the chain reaction of ROS and similar products before seriously affecting cell viability [ 65 ].…”

Supplementation of Spirulina platensis ethanol extract: influence on mRNA expression and prediction of molecular interactions with IL-10

“…IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1271/1/012081 6 IL-10 mRNA relative expression ratio in this study showed an increase in the spleen of treated rats compared to controls at 12 and 24 weeks of age (figure 1). Although not significantly different, the increment in the age 12 and 24 weeks in our study aligns with the study that used S. platensis supplementation in quail exposed to Salmonella enteritidis [29]. That study shows an increase in the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.…”

“…That study shows an increase in the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Modifying gene expression in the challenged treated groups demonstrated S. platensis anti-inflammatory and protective effects [29]. S. platensis contains C-phycocyanins and β-carotene, which can inhibit NF-κB activity and reduce TNF-α.…”

Potential of Spirulina platensis as a feed supplement for poultry to enhance growth performance and immune modulation

“…The effectiveness of Spirulina’s antibacterial actions in vivo was assessed by Abd El-Dayem et al. ( 56 ) as adding 1 and 2 g of spirulina per kg of diet significantly increased growth performance, antioxidant levels, and the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) while reducing organ colonization and gene expressions of IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α as compared to positive and negative control groups.…”