Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome

Abstract

Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of “omics” approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.

Impact of Resistant Maltodextrins and Resistant Starch on Human Gut Microbiota and Organic Acids Production

“…This interpretation was related to the lowest RS2 usage (53.7%) in Table . Overall, this data also accords with Haenen et al Variation can possibly be associated with different microbiotal community of the inoculum which was previous described in the multiomics data …”

Metaproteomic responses ofin vitrogut microbiomes to resistant starches: the role of resistant starch type and inter-individual variations

“…Proteins from Ruminococcaceae and Bacteriodiaceae were also increased in response to RS3. In agreement with our findings, previous studies have reported increases of bacteria from families Bifidobacteriaceae [11,12,[31][32][33], Ruminococcaceae [12,13,15,33], Eubacteriaceae [15,33,34], Lachnospiraceae [35] and Bacteriodiaceae [15,32] in response to different sources and forms of RS. Members of these bacterial families have been shown to be capable of metabolizing resistant starches [17,[36][37][38] due to their amylolytic activities [36,38], and many are butyrate producers [39].…”

“…RS can alter the taxonomic composition and functions of the gut microbiome; however, mixed and sometimes opposite effects have been reported [11][12][13][14][15]. In one study, an increase of the Bacteroidetes phylum relative to Firmicutes phylum was observed following an RS4-enriched diet and the opposite following an RS2-enriched diet in human individuals with potential metabolic syndrome [15], whereas in another study RS2 and RS4 in the diet resulted in vastly different effects on the composition of the gut microbiota in healthy human subjects [16].…”

Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis of potato starch‐branching enzymes generates a range of tuber starch phenotypes

“…Rapid hydrolysis of gelatinized starch in the upper gut causes large increases in blood glucose, which in combination with other factors can result in poor insulin control of blood sugar levels and obesity. Consumption of potatoes with less digestible starch (socalled resistant starch) would be expected to ameliorate these effects and might also have health benefits by providing substrates for fermentation by the lower gut microbiome (El Kaoutari et al, 2013;Keenan et al, 2015;Maier et al, 2017;Raigond et al, 2015). Microbiome fermentation produces shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) with beneficial effects including maintenance of optimal function of pancreatic beta-cells that produce insulin (Keenan et al, 2015;Pingitore et al, 2017).…”