Impact of Dietary Protein Level and Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism-Related Protein Expression and Fatty Acid Concentrations in Porcine Tissues

Abstract

The study assessed the effects of reduced protein (RPD) vs high protein diet (HPD) in combination with n-3/n-6 PUFA-containing plant oils [linseed oil (LO)/sunflower seed oil (SO)] supplementation on lipid metabolism-related protein expression and fatty acid concentrations in porcine tissues. Forty male Landrace pigs (castrates) were allocated into four groups fed diets different in dietary protein and PUFA level and one control group. SCD-1 protein expression in pig muscle, back fat, and liver was not affected by diet. The protein expression of precursor (pSREBP-1c) and active nuclear form of SREBP-1c (mSREBP-1c) in muscle and back fat was affected by diet, however not in liver of pigs. In contrast, the expression of ACC and FAS expression was significantly affected by diet only in the liver. The fatty acid concentrations in muscle, liver, and back fat resulted in higher n-3 PUFA concentrations of LO groups compared to the SO groups.

Strategies towards Improved Feed Efficiency in Pigs Comprise Molecular Shifts in Hepatic Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism

“…Odd-chain fatty acids (i.e., C13:0 and C15:0), which were more prominent in the high-FE group, are discussed as biomarkers for dietary food intake and play a yet unclear role in metabolism [ 25 ]. Importantly, a part of saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0) and all PUFAs are known to be de novo synthesized, which primarily takes place in adipose and muscle tissues in pigs [ 5 , 26 ]. Thus, results of this study provide evidence for altered usage of SFA and PUFA in the liver.…”

Influence of outdoor rearing and oleic acid supplementation on lipid characteristics of muscle and adipose tissues from obese Alentejano pigs

“…Meanwhile, SCD expression was not affected by the lipid content of diets. The expression and activity of this gene in mammals is known to be repressed in several tissues by dietary PUFA (Benítez et al., ; Dannenberger, Nuernberg, Nuernberg, & Priepke, ; Doran et al., ; Ntambi, ) and to a lesser (Jeffcoat & James, ; Landschulz, Jump, Macdougald, & Lane, ) or no extent (Óvilo et al., ) by oleic acid, as well as induced by SFA (Hu, Qing, & Chen, ; Ntambi, ). Therefore, the content of these dietary FA and their variations among experimental diets (with a three‐fold higher, three‐fold lower and ~two‐fold higher content in LO diet respectively) may have had opposite effects, contributing to a lack of significant diet effect.…”

“…() and (Óvilo et al., ), neutral SFA as well as MUFA and PUFA in DSFo layer were more sensitive to dietary modifications than intramuscular neutral FA proportions, suggesting different patterns in dietary FA deposition between these tissues. In fact, IMF is the last fat depot to develop, and it may respond to dietary manipulations in a different manner when compared to other adipose tissue depots (Dannenberger et al., ; Doran et al., ).…”

“…Meanwhile, SCD expression was not affected by the lipid content of diets. The expression and activity of this gene in mammals is known to be repressed in several tissues by dietary PUFA (Benítez et al, 2015;Dannenberger, Nuernberg, Nuernberg, & Priepke, 2014;Doran et al, 2006;Ntambi, 1999) and…”

“…proportions, suggesting different patterns in dietary FA deposition between these tissues. In fact, IMF is the last fat depot to develop, and it may respond to dietary manipulations in a different manner when compared to other adipose tissue depots (Dannenberger et al, 2014;Doran et al, 2006).…”