Impact of dietary pattern of the fecal donor on in vitro fermentation properties of whole grains and brans

Brahma, Sandrayee; Martínez, Inés; Walter, Jens; Clarke, Jennifer; Gonzalez, Tanhia; Menon, Ravi S.; Rose, Devin J.

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.042

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This was further confirmed in the PCA plot where Bifidobacterium was a major driver differentiating the two treatments. Reduced diversity was previously observed in in vitro studies of fiber fermentation (40)(41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In the presence of XOS, the higher concentrations of acetate were likely due to fermentation by Bifidobacterium. However, the low butyrate levels were unexpected, as metabolic cross-feeding between acetate-producing bifidobacteria and acetateconsuming butyrate producers is known to occur (40,(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). Targeting of specific acetate and butyrate genes through gene prediction from 16S sequence data confirmed that acetate kinase was present at higher abundance in the in vitro system than butyrate kinase and acetyl-CoA transferase, and the same trend was observed in the XOS fermentations compared to that in the no-prebiotic controls (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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An In Vitro Enrichment Strategy for Formulating Synergistic Synbiotics

Kok¹,

Quintero²,

Niyirora³

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Research on the role of diet on gut and systemic health has led to considerable interest toward identifying novel therapeutic modulators of the gut microbiome, including the use of prebiotics and probiotics. However, various host responses have often been reported among many clinical trials. This is in part due to competitive exclusion as a result of the absence of ecological niches as well as host-mediated constraints via colonization resistance. In this research, we developed a novel in vitro enrichment (IVE) method for isolating autochthonous strains that can function as synergistic synbiotics and overcome these constraints. The method relied on stepwise in vitro fecal fermentations to enrich for and isolate Bifidobacterium strains that ferment the prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS). We subsequently isolated Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CR15 and then tested its establishment in 20 unique fecal samples with or without XOS. The strain was established in up to 18 samples but only in the presence of XOS. Our findings revealed that the IVE method is suitable for isolating potential synergistic probiotic strains that possess the genetic and biochemical ability to ferment specific prebiotic substrates. The IVE method can be used as an initial high-throughput screen for probiotic selection and isolation prior to further characterization and in vivo tests. IMPORTANCE This study describes an in vitro enrichment method to formulate synergistic synbiotics that have potential for establishing autochthonous strains across multiple individuals. The rationale for this approach—that the chance of survival of a bacterial strain is improved by providing it with its required resources—is based on classic ecological theory. From these experiments, a human-derived strain, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CR15, was identified as a xylooligosaccharide (XOS) fermenter in fecal environments and displayed synergistic effects in vitro. The high rate of strain establishment observed in this study provides a basis for using synergistic synbiotics to overcome the responder/nonresponder phenomenon that occurs frequently in clinical trials with probiotic and prebiotic interventions. In addition, this approach can be applied in other protocols that require enrichment of specific bacterial populations prior to strain isolation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

An In Vitro Enrichment Strategy for Formulating Synergistic Synbiotics

Kok¹,

Quintero²,

Niyirora³

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, such conditions as substrate concentrations and the accumulation of metabolites are continuously changing. Furthermore, the overgrowth of fast-growing bacteria in mixed cultures is common for batch cultures; for instance, an over 10% increase in Escherichia coli from the total population has been reported (Brahma et al, 2017;. Thus, it is difficult to analyze the actual selectivity of a tested substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Changestat for Growth Rate Studies of Gut Microbiota

Adamberg

Raba

Adamberg

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Human colon microbiota, composed of hundreds of different species, is closely associated with several health conditions. Controlled in vitro cultivation and up-todate analytical methods make possible the systematic evaluation of the underlying mechanisms of complex interactions between the members of microbial consortia. Information on reproducing fecal microbial consortia can be used for various clinical and biotechnological applications. In this study, chemostat and changestat cultures were used to elucidate the effects of the physiologically relevant range of dilution rates on the growth and metabolism of adult fecal microbiota. The dilution rate was kept either at D = 0.05 or D = 0.2 1/h in chemostat cultures, while gradually changing from 0.05 to 0.2 1/h in the A-stat and from 0.2 to 0.05 1/h in the De-stat. Apple pectin as a substrate was used in the chemostat experiments and apple pectin or birch xylan in the changestat experiments, in the presence of porcine mucin in all cases. The analyses were comprised of HPLC for organic acids, UPLC for amino acids, GC for gas composition, 16S-rDNA sequencing for microbial composition, and growth parameter calculations. It was shown that the abundance of most bacterial taxa was determined by the dilution rate on both substrates. Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium were prevalent within the whole range of dilution rates. Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 were significantly enriched at D = 0.05 1/h, while Bacteroides caccae, Lachnospiraceae unclassified and Escherichia coli clearly preferred D = 0.2 1/h. In the chemostat cultures, the production of organic acids and gases from pectin was related to the dilution rate. The ratio of acetate, propionate and butyrate was 5:2:1 (D = 0.05 1/h) and 14:2:1 (D = 0.2 1/h). It was shown that the growth rate-related characteristics of the fecal microbiota were concise in both directions between D = 0.05 and 0.2 1/h. Reproducible adaptation of the fecal microbiota was shown in the continuous culture with a changing dilution rate: changestat. Consortia cultivation is a promising approach for research purposes and several biotechnological applications, including the production of multi-strain probiotics and fecal transplantation mixtures.

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“…This could be explained by the higher starch and soluble dietary fiber in RHB compared with WHB. It is known that soluble dietary fibers, which are highly preferred by bacteria species in colon, are more effectively stimulating the formation of SCFAs than other insoluble substrates (Tuncil et al., , Brahma et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%