Impact of dietary glutamine on amino acid digestibility values and intestinal morphometric parameters in neonate chicks

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fortification of the pre-starter diet with glutamine in post-hatch broiler chicks. In the first experiment, male chicks were used to study the impact of glutamine supplementation at three levels (0%, 1% and 2%) on performance, apparent faecal digestibility (AFD) and ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AAs), as well as intestinal morphometric parameters from 0 to 14 days old. The best performance was obtained at 1% supplementation. Average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were affected by treatments. Supplementing diets with glutamine resulted in increase of digestibility values for arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). Glutaminesupplemented diets led to higher villus height (VH) and shallower crypt depth (CD) in the jejunum and ileum. A second experiment was performed to investigate whether the form of glutamine could affect performance and morphometric parameters in newly hatched chickens. A control diet was prepared, based on casein as the sole source of protein-bound AAs. Three diets based on synthetic AAs were used to obtain nutrient values of the control diet, which were supplemented with a synthetic form of glutamine, glutamic acid and a 50 : 50 ratio of glutamine : glutamic acid. Chickens fed the control diet presented higher average daily weight gain and better FCR. None of the AID coefficients of amino acids were influenced by the dietary treatments, except glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which were decreased in chicks fed synthetic AAs. In conclusion, 1% glutamine supplementation improved performance, morphometric parameters and AID and AFD values of cationic AAs. The form in which dietary glutamine was provided could affect performance. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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“…Glutamine dietary supplementation decreases health problems, prevents intestinal atrophy, maintains antioxidant status, decreases incidence of diarrhea, resulting in increased weight gain and improved efficiency (Haynes et al, 2009;Zhong et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014;Watford, 2015). Similar results have also been reported in broiler chicken (Nassiri Moghaddam and Alizadeh-Ghamsari, 2013;Jazideh et al, 2014;Nascimento et al, 2014;Manvailer et al, 2015;Muro et al, 2015;Olubodun et al, 2015;Ribeiro Jr et al, 2015;Luquetti et al, 2016;Maiorka et al, 2016;Namroud et al, 2017).…”

“…The ADFC variable only has a significant increase when Gln administration was 15 to 30 days, consuming an additional 23.7 grams per day compared to the witness group. Similarly, in broiler chickens it was found that food supplementation of glutamine allows a more efficient use of ingested nutrients, improving the productive performance (Namroud et al, 2017), associated with the effect of Gln on the length of intestinal villi (Abdulkarimi et al, 2019). This will require less food to lead pigs to the market weight or shorten the days needed to reach the market weight, representing significant savings for the pig industry.…”

Suplementación alimenticia de glutamina sobre el desempeño productivo en pollos de engorde

“…trientes ingeridos y por lo tanto mejorará su desempeño productivo (Namroud et al, 2017). Devi Priya et al (2010) reportan que la actividad de las enzimas digestivas en pollos broiler, particularmente la amilasa, se incrementa tras la suplementación de Gln.…”

“…Se ejecutaron dos meta-análisis a partir de un total de 22 artículos científicos (1814 animales). (Avellaneda et al, 2008;Ayazi, 2014;Bartell & Batal, 2007;Dai et al, 2009;Dai et al, 2011;Fasina et al, 2010;Hu et al, 2016;Jazideh et al, 2014;Luquetti et al, 2016;Maiorka et al, 2016;Manvailer et al, 2015;Murakami et al, 2007;Muro et al, 2015;Mussini et al, 2012;Namroud et al, 2017;Nascimento et al, 2014;Nassiri Moghaddam & Alizadeh-Ghamsari, 2013;Olubodun et al, 2015;Ribeiro et al, 2015;Sakamoto et al, 2011;Soltan, 2009;Zavarize et al, 2011). Para explicar la heterogeneidad entre los estudios se realizaron meta-regresiones utilizando como covariables: nivel de inclusión de Gln (%), edad de inicio de suplementación (días), edad de evaluación (días), duración de la suplementación (días), número de repeticiones por tratamiento, número de pollos muestreados por unidad experimental (repetición), nivel de lisina (%) y proteína cruda en la dieta (%).…”

Safety and efficacy of l‐glutamine produced using Corynebacterium glutamicum NITE BP‐02524 for all animal species

“…Glutamine supplementation shows effects on intestinal development (Bartell, 2006a,b;Bartell and Batal, 2007;Soltan, 2009;Namroud et al, 2017) and immune response (Bartell, 2006a,b;Bartell and Batal, 2007;Soltan, 2009) in young and growing animals. The effects on body weight, duodenal villi height and serum and intestinal IgA as well as serum IgG seen after glutamine (1%) administration cannot be reproduced with application of other NEAA as glutamic acid, aspartic acid and histidine (Bartell, 2006a,b -chapter 4, data not shown).…”