Impact of diet on CVD and diabetes mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean: a comparative risk assessment analysis

Sisa, Iván; Abeyá-Gilardon, Enrique; Fisberg, Regina Mara; Jackson, Maria; Mangialavori, Guadalupe; Sichieri, Rosely; Cudhea, Frederick; Bannuru, Raveendhara R.; Ruthazer, Robin; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Singh, Gitanjali

doi:10.1017/s1368980020000646

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A representative study with 9218 individuals living in urban areas of eight LA countries showed that 59.6% were overweight or obese, with Chile showing the highest (68.6%) and Colombia the lowest (50.7%) prevalence [ 4 ]. Obesity is driven by key behavioral and lifestyle risk factors that are in turn modified by socio-demographic and epidemiological changes that have occurred in LA populations over the past decades [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status Impact on Diet Quality and Body Mass Index in Eight Latin American Countries: ELANS Study Results

et al. 2021

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Poor health and diet quality are associated with living within a low socioeconomic status (SES). This study aimed to investigate the impact of SES on diet quality and body mass index in Latin America. Data from the “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study (ELANS)”, a multi-country, population-based study of 9218 participants, were used. Dietary intake was collected through two 24 h recalls from participants of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Diet quality was assessed using the dietary quality score (DQS), the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the nutrients adequacy ratio (NAR). Chi-squared and multivariate-variance analyses were used to estimate possible associations. We found that participants from the low SES consumed less fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fiber and fish and seafood and more legumes than those in the high SES. Also, the diet quality level, assessed by DQS, DDS and NAR mean, increased with SES. Women in the low SES also showed a larger prevalence of abdominal obesity and excess weight than those in the middle and high SES. Health policies and behavioral-change strategies should be addressed to reduce the impact of socioeconomic factors on diet quality and body weight, with gender as an additional level of vulnerability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status Impact on Diet Quality and Body Mass Index in Eight Latin American Countries: ELANS Study Results

et al. 2021

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“…CVD and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the LAC region, resulting in almost 1 million deaths. In 2016, 18.4 million DALYs were lost to cardiovascular disease (114,115). For diabetics, there were 195,000 deaths, and 8.5 million DALYs were lost in 2016 (114)(115)(116)(117).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, 18.4 million DALYs were lost to cardiovascular disease (114,115). For diabetics, there were 195,000 deaths, and 8.5 million DALYs were lost in 2016 (114)(115)(116)(117). In 2019, these numbers improved by 1% for both diseases (114).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air Pollution: A Neglected Risk Factor for Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean

et al. 2021

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The risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) rises with increasing age and polluted air. Currently, at least 172 million people breathe unhealthy levels of air pollution in LAC countries. Several cohort studies have indicated that air pollution increases the risk of developing dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms underlying the association are still not clear. Air pollution causes and aggravates five established risk factors for dementia (obesity, hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and heart diseases) and is linked to three other risk factors (physical inactivity, cognitive inactivity, and depression). Some of these risk factors could be mediating the association between air pollution and dementia. Reducing the risks for dementia is crucial and urgently needed in LAC countries. There is room for improving air quality in many urban areas in the LAC region and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a routealready explored by many urban areas in developing regions. Moreover, reducing air pollution has proved to improve health outcomes before. In this article, we propose that despite the ongoing and valid scientific discussion, if air pollution can or cannot directly affect the brain and cause or aggravate dementia, we are ready to consider air pollution as a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia in LAC and possibly in other LMICs. We suggest that controlling and reducing current air pollution levels in LAC and other LMIC regions now could strongly contribute.

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“…Finally, two very large population surveys in Europe [ 33 ] and Latin America [ 34 ] analyzed the contribution of dietary factors to CVD mortality and found that one of the most important factors, accounting for the largest number of cardiometabolic deaths, was low nut and seed consumption.…”

Section: Nut Consumption and Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuts: Natural Pleiotropic Nutraceuticals

2021

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Common nuts (tree nuts and peanuts) are energy-dense foods that nature has gifted with a complex matrix of beneficial nutrients and bioactives, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, high-quality protein, fiber, non-sodium minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and antioxidant phenolics. These nut components synergize to favorably influence metabolic and vascular physiology pathways, ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors and improve cardiovascular prognosis. There is increasing evidence that nuts positively impact myriad other health outcomes as well. Nut consumption is correlated with lower cancer incidence and cancer mortality, and decreased all-cause mortality. Favorable effects on cognitive function and depression have also been reported. Randomized controlled trials consistently show nuts have a cholesterol-lowering effect. Nut consumption also confers modest improvements on glycemic control, blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, and inflammation. Although nuts are energy-dense foods, they do not predispose to obesity, and in fact may even help in weight loss. Tree nuts and peanuts, but not peanut butter, generally produce similar positive effects on outcomes. First level evidence from the PREDIMED trial shows that, in the context of a Mediterranean diet, consumption of 30 g/d of nuts (walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts) significantly lowered the risk of a composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease) by ≈30% after intervention for 5 y. Impressively, the nut-supplemented diet reduced stroke risk by 45%. As they are rich in salutary bioactive compounds and beneficially impact various health outcomes, nuts can be considered natural pleiotropic nutraceuticals.

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Impact of diet on CVD and diabetes mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean: a comparative risk assessment analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Socioeconomic Status Impact on Diet Quality and Body Mass Index in Eight Latin American Countries: ELANS Study Results

Socioeconomic Status Impact on Diet Quality and Body Mass Index in Eight Latin American Countries: ELANS Study Results

Air Pollution: A Neglected Risk Factor for Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean

Nuts: Natural Pleiotropic Nutraceuticals

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