Impact of Degraded Optics on Monocular and Binocular Vision: Lessons from Recent Advances in Highly-Aberrated Eyes

Devi, Preetirupa; Kumar, Preetam; Marella, Bhagya Lakshmi

doi:10.1080/08820538.2022.2094711

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…These results suggest that keratoconic patients who had contrast difference of 80% might be the ones who benefit the most from contrast balancing. Although losses of stereoacuity in asymmetric keratoconus and their partial recovery with rigid contact lens wear have been demonstrated earlier, 2,5 the present study provides the basis, at least partially, for such losses occurring in keratoconus. The highly compromised stereoacuity with spectacles and their partial improvement with rigid gas permeable contact lenses in keratoconus may reflect the larger interocular contrast differences present in spectacles than in contact lenses, 2,5 as can be interpreted from the corresponding patterns of higher-order wavefront aberrations and retinal image quality 6 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Although losses of stereoacuity in asymmetric keratoconus and their partial recovery with rigid contact lens wear have been demonstrated earlier, 2,5 the present study provides the basis, at least partially, for such losses occurring in keratoconus. The highly compromised stereoacuity with spectacles and their partial improvement with rigid gas permeable contact lenses in keratoconus may reflect the larger interocular contrast differences present in spectacles than in contact lenses, 2,5 as can be interpreted from the corresponding patterns of higher-order wavefront aberrations and retinal image quality 6 . Optical corrections for keratoconus should therefore aim not only to improve the overall optical quality in one eye but also to minimize interocular difference in optical quality to optimize binocularity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…2,5 This loss is expectedly larger with spectacle than rigid contact lens wear in this disease condition. 2,3,5,6 Stereoacuity losses have been hypothesized to arise from poor correspondence matching between the optically distorted monocular retinal images 6 and/or because of suppression of the weaker eye from interocular contrast imbalances in asymmetric keratoconus. 3 This study specifically addressed the impact of interocular contrast imbalance on stereoacuity in cases with bilaterally asymmetric severity of keratoconus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Losses in monocular and binocular visual functions because of increased corneal distortions are well-known in keratoconus. [1][2][3][4][5] Of these, random-dot stereoacuity, an indicator of binocularity, is impaired 10-to 12-fold in unilateral and bilateral keratoconus, relative to age-similar control subjects. 2,5 This loss is expectedly larger with spectacle than rigid contact lens wear in this disease condition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Of these, random-dot stereoacuity, an indicator of binocularity, is impaired 10-to 12-fold in unilateral and bilateral keratoconus, relative to age-similar control subjects. 2,5 This loss is expectedly larger with spectacle than rigid contact lens wear in this disease condition. 2,3,5,6 Stereoacuity losses have been hypothesized to arise from poor correspondence matching between the optically distorted monocular retinal images 6 and/or because of suppression of the weaker eye from interocular contrast imbalances in asymmetric keratoconus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interocular Contrast Balancing Partially Improves Stereoacuity in Keratoconus

et al. 2023

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SIGNIFICANCE: Partial improvement in stereoacuity may be achieved by balancing the contrast input to the two eyes of patients with bilaterally asymmetric keratoconus.PURPOSE: Interocular differences in image quality, characterized by dissimilar contrast loss and phase shifts, are implicated in stereoacuity loss in keratoconus. This study determined whether contrast balancing improves stereoacuity in this disease condition and, if so, whether it is dependent on the baseline interocular contrast imbalance.METHODS: Interocular contrast imbalance and stereoacuity of 43 subjects (16 to 33 years) with bilaterally asymmetric keratoconus were tested with spectacle correction as baseline using a binocular rivalry paradigm and random-dot stereograms, respectively. Stereoacuity measurements were repeated in a subset of 33 subjects at their contrast balance point (i.e., contrast level in stronger eye allowing balanced rivalry with 100% contrast in weaker eye) and with contrast levels biased in favor of stronger or weaker eye, all conditions in randomized order.RESULTS: Contrast imbalance level was significantly correlated with the subject's stereoacuity at baseline (r = −0.47, P = .002). The median (25th to 75th interquartile range) stereoacuity improved by 34.6% (19.0 to 65.1%) from baseline (748.8 arc sec [261.3 to 1257.3 arc sec]) to the contrast balanced condition (419.0 arc sec [86.6 to 868.9 arc sec]) (P < .001), independent of their baseline stereoacuity or contrast imbalance levels (r < 0.2, P > .26 for both). Contrast bias in favor of the weaker eye (881.3 arc sec [239.6 to 1707.6 arc sec]) worsened stereoacuity more than a bias toward the stronger eye (502.6 arc sec [181.9 to 1161.4 arc sec]), both relative to the contrast balanced condition (P < .002).CONCLUSIONS: Interocular contrast balancing partially improves stereoacuity in bilaterally asymmetric keratoconus, independent of their baseline contrast imbalance level. Cyclopean viewing may be inherently biased toward the input from the stronger eye in keratoconus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Interocular Contrast Balancing Partially Improves Stereoacuity in Keratoconus

et al. 2023

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Suprathreshold contrast perception of resolvable high spatial frequencies remain intact in keratoconus

et al. 2023

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The influence of simulated visual impairment on distance stereopsis

Liu,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Vision

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The intricate interrelationships between visual acuity (VA) and stereopsis depend on an array of factors, incorporating the nature of vision impairment, its manifestation (monocular versus binocular), and the classification of stereopsis test symbols used. The objectives of this study were to methodically dissect these multifaceted interactions by simulating a diverse range of vision loss conditions. Thirty medical students with normal vision were subjected to simulated vision loss through opacification and blurring methodologies. Stereopsis was assessed at a distance using both contour-based and random-dot-based symbols under equal binocular and varied monocular VA conditions. In this study, opacification consistently affected stereopsis more than blurring at equivalent VA reductions. However, this difference was absent in contour-based symbols under binocular vision impairment conditions. Significant differences in stereopsis emerged between monocular and binocular vision within the opacification contour-based groups. These differences were less evident in the opacification and blurring groups using random-dot-based patterns. In terms of symbols, the contour-based test demonstrated superior results to the random-dot-based test, particularly under decreased VA. In sum, the method of VA reduction and the choice of stereogram significantly impact distance stereopsis outcomes. This understanding can guide clinical assessments of stereopsis in individuals with varying visual impairments.

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Impact of Degraded Optics on Monocular and Binocular Vision: Lessons from Recent Advances in Highly-Aberrated Eyes

Cited by 4 publications

References 85 publications

Interocular Contrast Balancing Partially Improves Stereoacuity in Keratoconus

Interocular Contrast Balancing Partially Improves Stereoacuity in Keratoconus

Suprathreshold contrast perception of resolvable high spatial frequencies remain intact in keratoconus

The influence of simulated visual impairment on distance stereopsis

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