Impact of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera) treatment on paracetamol-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats

Abstract

Background: Consumption of plant-derived nutraceuticals and crude drugs in Arab traditional medicine is widely believed to confer beneficial effects in liver and kidney diseases. Fruits from the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. are a rich source of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals which possess a myriad of pharmacological effects. Herein, we examined the impact of Date Palm Pollen (DPP) aqueous suspension treatment on paracetamol (APAP) [Acetaminophen (APAP)] triggered hepatorenal damage in rats and further explored the underlying putative mechanism. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n = 6/group). Group I was control group; animals in group II were administered APAP 1000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitonealy (i.p.); Group III and IV administered APAP plus date palm pollen with doses of 50, 100 mg/kg b.w and group V were administered APAP plus Silymarin (SIL) 10 mg/kg b.w. (i.p) respectively. Various biochemical parameters and histological assessment were evaluated in serum and tissue homogenate. Results: Pretreatment with DPP aqueous suspensions (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) significantly (p < 0.05) thwarted APAP triggered alterations in serum biomarkers of liver damage [aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], serum albumin as well as bilirubin. DPP treatment further mitigated APAP triggered dyslipidemia associated with hepatic damage by influencing APAP elicited changes in serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL. DPP treatment significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated extrahepatic manifestations of APAP toxicity by influencing alterations in parameters of renal function (creatinine, urea and uric acid) as well serum electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium and Calcium). DPP treatment further influenced APAP-induced histological lesions by curtailing necrosis and inflammatory changes in the hepatic and renal architecture, respectively. Furthermore, DPP treatment modulated APAP-induced redox imbalance in the hepatic and renal tissue by blunting the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as decrease of nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with control. The protective effect of DPP was further confirmed histologically. Conclusions: The present observations point to an hepatorenal protective effects of acute DPP treatment in APAP-intoxicated rats which is underpinned by its robust antioxidant properties.

Antioxidant Mechanism of Renal and Hepatic Failure Prevention Related to Paracetamol Overdose by the Aqueous Extract of Amblygonocarpus andongensis Stem Bark

“…In animals treated with 500 mg/kg AEAASB and in the satellite test group, a significant decrease in relative liver weight of ASAT, ALAT, ALP, direct and total bilirubin, creatinine, serum urea, and urinary protein levels was associated with an increase of urinary creatinine, and renal clearance compared to the negative control group was noted. Results of the present study are similar to those of Al-Asmari et al [14] who showed that P. dactylifera pollen prevented the loss of functional integrity of the liver and kidney cell membrane related to paracetamol toxicity in Wistar rats by decreasing the levels of liver and kidney function markers.…”

“…As the damage induced by paracetamol is mainly oxidative, natural compounds with antioxidant activity could be used as alternative treatments for paracetamol-induced hepatorenal toxicity [ 6 ]. Several studies have shown the efficacy of medicinal plant extracts on paracetamol-induced toxicity, including the works of Sudip et al [ 12 ], Soliman et al [ 13 ], and Al-Asmari et al [ 14 ], which showed, respectively, the protective effects of Citrus macroptera fruit extracts, Ocimum basilicum leaves, and Phoenix dactylifera pollen on paracetamol-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats.…”

Phytochemical analysis and nephroprotective potential of Ajwa date in doxorubicin‐induced nephrotoxicity rats: Biochemical and molecular docking approaches

“…Although groups 4, 5, and 6 continued to show DOX‐induced oxidative cell injury, the AJDAE showed a clear antidotal effect on the nephrotoxicity in groups 5 and 6 only, as confirmed by the degeneration in the injury scope (score 4 was not documented; most recorded at score ≤ 2). This highlights AJDAE's protective role in combatting DOX nephrotoxicity, which is possibly due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and regenerative impact, as confirmed in the past studies (Al‐Asmari et al, 2020; Younas et al, 2020).…”

Potential Role of Vitamin D Receptor Agonist in Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Injury: Role of Caspase-1

“…These markers have been found to be of great value in the assessment of clinical and experimental liver damage (23) . Increase liver enzymes and other hepatic biomarkers in ACN hepatoxicity were, also, reported in previous studies (24,25) .…”