Abstract:SUMMARYIrrigation schemes and dams have posed a great concern on public health systems of several countries, mainly in the tropics. The focus of the present review is to elucidate the different ways how these human interventions may have an effect on population dynamics of anopheline mosquitoes and hence, how local malaria transmission patterns may be changed. We discuss different studies within the three main tropical and sub-tropical regions (namely Africa, Asia and the Pacific and the Americas). Factors suc… Show more
“…In 2005, it was estimated that a total 3.1 million people were at risk of malaria due to dams in sub-Saharan Africa [24]. Sanchez et al [25] reported different patterns of malaria transmission in areas around large and small dams. Using a more extensive data set, Kibret et al [26] reported that more than 15 million people were at risk and that 1.1 million cases a year were associated with 1268 large dams in South-Saharan Africa.…”
Dam constructions are considered a great concern for public health. The current study aimed to investigate malaria transmission in the Nyabessan village around the Memve’ele dam in South Cameroon. Adult mosquitoes were captured by human landing catches in Nyabessan before and during dam construction in 2000–2006 and 2014–2016 respectively, as well as in the Olama village, which was selected as a control. Malaria vectors were morphologically identified and analyzed for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein detection and molecular identification of Anopheles (A.) gambiae species. Overall, ten malaria vector species were identified among 12,189 Anopheles specimens from Nyabessan (N = 6127) and Olama (N = 6062), including A. gambiae Giles (1902), A. coluzzii Coetzee (2013), A. moucheti Evans (1925), A. ovengensis Awono (2004), A. nili Theobald (1903), A. paludis Theobald (1900), A. zieanni, A. marshallii Theobald (1903), A. coustani Laveran (1900), and A. obscurus Grünberg (1905). In Nyabessan, A. moucheti and A. ovengensis were the main vector species before dam construction (16–50 bites/person/night-b/p/n, 0.26–0.71 infective bites/person/night-ib/p/n) that experienced a reduction of their role in disease transmission in 2016 (3–35 b/p/n, 0–0.5 ib/p/n) (p < 0.005). By contrast, the role of A. gambiae s.l. and A. paludis increased (11–38 b/p/n, 0.75–1.2 ib/p/n) (p < 0.01). In Olama, A. moucheti remained the main malaria vector species throughout the study period (p = 0.5). These findings highlight the need for a strong vector-borne disease surveillance and control system around the Memve’ele dam.
“…In 2005, it was estimated that a total 3.1 million people were at risk of malaria due to dams in sub-Saharan Africa [24]. Sanchez et al [25] reported different patterns of malaria transmission in areas around large and small dams. Using a more extensive data set, Kibret et al [26] reported that more than 15 million people were at risk and that 1.1 million cases a year were associated with 1268 large dams in South-Saharan Africa.…”
Dam constructions are considered a great concern for public health. The current study aimed to investigate malaria transmission in the Nyabessan village around the Memve’ele dam in South Cameroon. Adult mosquitoes were captured by human landing catches in Nyabessan before and during dam construction in 2000–2006 and 2014–2016 respectively, as well as in the Olama village, which was selected as a control. Malaria vectors were morphologically identified and analyzed for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein detection and molecular identification of Anopheles (A.) gambiae species. Overall, ten malaria vector species were identified among 12,189 Anopheles specimens from Nyabessan (N = 6127) and Olama (N = 6062), including A. gambiae Giles (1902), A. coluzzii Coetzee (2013), A. moucheti Evans (1925), A. ovengensis Awono (2004), A. nili Theobald (1903), A. paludis Theobald (1900), A. zieanni, A. marshallii Theobald (1903), A. coustani Laveran (1900), and A. obscurus Grünberg (1905). In Nyabessan, A. moucheti and A. ovengensis were the main vector species before dam construction (16–50 bites/person/night-b/p/n, 0.26–0.71 infective bites/person/night-ib/p/n) that experienced a reduction of their role in disease transmission in 2016 (3–35 b/p/n, 0–0.5 ib/p/n) (p < 0.005). By contrast, the role of A. gambiae s.l. and A. paludis increased (11–38 b/p/n, 0.75–1.2 ib/p/n) (p < 0.01). In Olama, A. moucheti remained the main malaria vector species throughout the study period (p = 0.5). These findings highlight the need for a strong vector-borne disease surveillance and control system around the Memve’ele dam.
“…Amazon deforestation and other perturbations in the forest landscape are fundamental consequences of the construction of hydroelectric dams, waterways and irrigation systems (Sanchez-Ribas et al 2012, Tundisi et al 2014, Fearnside 2015. A good example is the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant, which significantly changed the landscape of the Xingu River in the Brazilian Amazon, flooding an area of 516 km 2 [228 km 2 (44%) corresponding to the original riverbed and seasonally flooded area] (ANA 2019).…”
Section: Hydroelectric Dams Waterways and Irrigation Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The strongest effect of dam construction on the dynamics of infectious diseases concerns vector proliferation. Flooding of hitherto dry areas creates new breeding sites for disease vectors, especially mosquitoes, which contributes to the increase in the cases of various arboviral and parasitic infections (Sanchez-Ribas et al 2012, Fearnside 2015, Brito et al 2018.…”
Section: Hydroelectric Dams Waterways and Irrigation Systemsmentioning
Amazonian biodiversity is increasingly threatened due to the weakening of policies for combating deforestation, especially in Brazil. Loss of animal and plant species, many not yet known to science, is just one among many negative consequences of Amazon deforestation. Deforestation affects indigenous communities, riverside as well as urban populations, and even planetary health. Amazonia has a prominent role in regulating the Earth's climate, with forest loss contributing to rising regional and global temperatures and intensification of extreme weather events. These climatic conditions are important drivers of emerging infectious diseases, and activities associated with deforestation contribute to the spread of disease vectors. This review presents the main impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious-disease dynamics and public health from a One Health perspective. Because Brazil holds the largest area of Amazon rainforest, emphasis is given to the Brazilian scenario. Finally, potential solutions to mitigate deforestation and emerging infectious diseases are presented from the perspectives of researchers in different fields.
“…Changes in downstream water quality have decimated the fisheries, waterfowl and mammals of the world's deltas, causing for example, by the year 2000 the endangerment or extinction for some 30% of the world's fresh water fish (WCD 2000). Damming and flood control have also resulted in increases in the frequency and severity of floods (WCD 2000), have played a role in inducing earthquakes (Qiu 2012), and have prompted increases in the transmission and prevalence of vector‐borne and parasitic diseases such as malaria and schistosomiasis (Sanchez‐Ribas et al 2012).…”
Section: Global Patterns Biocultural Consequencesmentioning
Abstract. Large-scale hydrodevelopment involves synergistic processes and generates cumulative effects that include the degradation of rivers and the complex human environmental systems they support. To avert impending crises in water scarcity and food security many nations are reshaping the priorities, regimes, and praxis of fresh water resource management to explicitly recognize and address diverse human and ecological needs. A recent United Nations sponsored study documenting the linkages between water, cultural diversity, and global environmental change argues that a coupled bio/social systems approach to watershed management prioritizing biocultural health over other concerns is needed to achieve sustainability goals, address the complex and protracted conflicts that characterize river basin management, and halt biocultural degeneration. Praxis implications include (1) the need for greater respect for and recognition of the rights, values, and contributions of culturally diverse peoples in the management and use of river systems, (2) expansion of the integrated water resource management model to include prioritized allocation of water to meet environmental and cultural flows.
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