Impact of Cultivation Substrate and Microbial Community on Improving Mushroom Productivity: A Review

Abstract

Lignocellulosic materials commonly serve as base substrates for mushroom production. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the major components of lignocellulose materials. The composition of these components depends upon the plant species. Currently, composted and non-composted lignocellulosic materials are used as substrates in mushroom cultivation depending on the mushroom species. Different substrate compositions can directly affect the quality and quantity of mushroom production yields. Consequently, the microbial dynamics and communities of the composting substrates can significantly affect mushroom production. Therefore, changes in both substrate composition and microbial diversity during the cultivation process can impact the production of high-quality substrates and result in a high degree of biological efficiency. A brief review of the current findings on substrate composition and microbial diversity for mushroom cultivation is provided in this paper. We also summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of mushroom cultivation by analyzing the microbial diversity of the composting substrates during mushroom cultivation. The resulting information will serve as a useful guide for future researchers in their attempts to increase mushroom productivity through the selection of suitable substrate compositions and their relation to the microbial community.

Valorization of agricultural waste to produce myco-composite materials from mushroom mycelia and their physical properties

“…The current study, showed that different mushroom isolates had different growth rates on both PDA and agricultural substrates. These findings were consistent with those of other research studies that reported that different mushroom species, isolates and growth substrates had a significant impact on the mycelial growth rate (Xing et al, 2018;Ly and Jitjak, 2020;Suwannarach et al, 2022). The high degree of mycelial growth was related to high hyphal extension and resulted in a very dense mycelial biomass (Carlile et al, 2001;Nashiruddin et al, 2021).…”

Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

“…Accordingly, Hwang et al [123] reported that the EC value of the mycelium-colonized substrate (1.89 dS/m) was higher than that of the non-colonized substrate (1.12 dS/m). According to a number of previously published reports, an increase in the EC value in the substrate that had been colonized by mycelium could be explained by the fact that the substrate was degraded by an enzyme produced by the fungal mycelium, which also increased the amounts of inorganic compounds and minerals that were present, indicating a positive correlation with the EC value [98,124,125].…”

Metaprofiling of the Bacterial Community in Colonized Compost Extracts by Agaricus subrufescens

“…In addition to the physicochemical parameters, bacteria–fungi interactions also have a strong influence on mushroom production, ranging from antagonism to mutualism. Recent reports have attributed an important role to the compost and casing microbiome in the growth and fructification of cultivated mushrooms, mainly by influencing the quality and maturation of the compost, mycelium running, primordia induction and formation of fruit bodies [ 5 , 14 , 15 ].…”