Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Surge on Surgical Outcomes: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, including surgical care. While many studies examined the effect of the pandemic on different patient outcomes, there are none to date examining the impact of the pandemic surge on surgical outcomes. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 surges on surgical outcomes using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of 7436 patients who underwent surgery between February 2020 and December 2022 was conducted. Patients were divided into those who underwent surgery during the surge of the pandemic (n = 1217) or outside that period (n = 6219). Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and morbidity. Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, operation time, transfusion, reoperation, and specific postoperative complications. Multivariable logistic regression was used in our analysis. All analyses were conducted using the software “R” version 4.2.1. Statistical significance was set at α = .05 level. Results After adjusting for confounders, we found no significant difference in 30-day mortality and morbidity (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: .89-1.226, P = .5173) or 30-day mortality only (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: .788-2.14, P = .1364) between the two groups. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results to the multivariable logistic regression. Conclusion We found no evidence of increased 30-day mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 surges compared to those undergoing surgery outside that period. Our results suggest that surgical care was maintained despite the challenges of the pandemic surges.