Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of university students in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental well-being of students worldwide. There is a scarcity of information on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to investigate the mental health impact of the COVID-19, including depression, anxiety and resilience among a sample of university students in the UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted from September to November 2021. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) were used to assess depression, anxiety, and resilience. The COVID-19 impact was assessed using a list of questions. Results: Only, 798 students completed the survey and were analyzed for this study. Overall, 74.8% of the students were females, 91.2% were never married, and 66.3% were UAE-nationals. Based on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 cut-off scores (≥ 10), four out of ten of the students self-reported moderate and severe depression (40.9%) and anxiety (39.1%). Significantly higher mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were found among students who were impacted by COVID-19 than those non-impacted (mean PHQ-9 of 9.51± 6.39 and 6.80 ±6.34; p= 0.001, respectively) and (mean GAD-7 of 9.03 ±6.00 and 8.54 ±6.02; respectively, p < 0.001). Female students who were impacted by COVID-19 had statistically significant higher depression and anxiety scores than the non-impacted females (mean PHQ-9 of 9.14 ±5.86 versus 6.83 ±6.25, respectively; p<0.001 and mean GAD-7 of 9.57 ±6.32 versus 5.15 ±3.88, respectively; p= 0.005). Never married students had significantly higher PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores than ever-married (9.31 ± 6.37 versus 6.93 ± 5.47, P=0.003) and (8.89 ± 6.11 versus 7.13 ± 5.49, respectively; p=0.017). Only one in ten of the students revealed high resilience levels, however, differences in the mean CD-RISC-10 scores by COVID-19 impact were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health of this sample of university students in terms of depression and anxiety. The results highlight the need to adopt culturally appropriate interventions for university students and focus on vulnerable groups.