Impact of COVID-19 on Resettled Refugees

Brickhill-Atkinson, Micah; Hauck, Fern R.

doi:10.1016/j.pop.2020.10.001

Cited by 69 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Concerns have also been raised that border closures may increase smuggling of migrants (61). COVID-19 may meanwhile pose a barrier to integration for migrants and refugees (62), for example due to the suspension and modification of resettlement schemes (63, 64), and education programmes (63, 65–68). Migrants who are particularly vulnerable may be disproportionality affected by the negative social impact of lockdown (69, 70).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Migrants who are particularly vulnerable may be disproportionality affected by the negative social impact of lockdown (69, 70). Migrants are considered to be especially vulnerable to job loss and economic hardship as a result of COVID-19 (60, 63, 67, 71–77). A qualitative cumulative risk assessment for migrant workers in Kuwait found many workers are now facing layoffs, furloughs, non-payment and late payment of wages putting them in significant financial hardship (78).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With routine services closed due to the pandemic, concerns have been raised that migrants have struggled to navigate the new systems (50, 113–115) and it has exacerbated migrants’ exclusion from health services (116–120). Migrants may experience challenges in accessing healthcare remotely (50, 63, 101, 106, 121); however, telemedicine may also offer opportunities that need to be further explored in these populations (122, 123).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review

Hayward

Deal

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundMigrants, including refugees, asylum seekers, labour migrants, and undocumented migrants, now constitute a considerable proportion of most high-income countries’ populations, including their skilled and unskilled workforces. Migrants may be at increased risk of COVID-19 due to their health and social circumstances, yet the extent to which they are being affected and their predisposing risk factors are not clearly understood. We did a systematic review to assess clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in migrant populations (cases, hospitalisations, deaths), indirect health and social impacts, and to determine key risk factors.MethodsWe did a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020222135). We searched databases including PubMed, Global Health, Scopus, CINAHL, and pre-print databases (medRxiv) via the WHO Global Research on COVID-19 database to Nov 18, 2020 for peer-reviewed and grey literature pertaining to migrants (defined as foreign born) and COVID-19 in 82 high-income countries. We used our international networks to source national datasets and grey literature. Data were extracted on our primary outcomes (cases, hospitalisations, deaths) and we evaluated secondary outcomes on indirect health and social impacts, and risk factors, using narrative synthesis.Results3016 data sources were screened with 158 from 15 countries included in the analysis (35 data sources for primary outcomes: cases [21], hospitalisations [4]; deaths [15]; 123 for secondary outcomes). We found that migrants are at increased risk of infection and are disproportionately represented among COVID-19 cases. Available datasets suggest a similarly disproportionate representation of migrants in reported COVID-19 deaths, as well as increased all-cause mortality in migrants in some countries in 2020. Undocumented migrants, migrant health and care workers, and migrants housed in camps and labour compounds may have been especially affected. In general, migrants have higher levels of many risk factors and vulnerabilities relevant to COVID-19, including increased exposure to SARS-CoV-2 due to high-risk occupations and overcrowded accommodation, and barriers to health care including inadequate information, language barriers, and reduced entitlement to healthcare coverage related to their immigration status.ConclusionsMigrants in high-income countries are at high risk of exposure to, and infection with, COVID-19. These data are of immediate relevance to national public health responses to the pandemic and should inform policymaking on strategies for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in this population. Robust data on testing uptake and clinical outcomes in migrants, and barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination, are urgently needed, alongside strengthening engagement with diverse migrant groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review

Hayward

Deal

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The course was advertised to health and other professionals with some degree of experience in working with vulnerable population groups. As these groups (Roma, refugees and migrants and solitary people in the community) are recognised for their inherent vulnerability, our intention was to train a group of professionals in contact tracing who would be sensitised to the challenges of working with such populations [18,19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of a Contact Tracing Training Program for COVID-19 in Greece Focusing on Vulnerable Populations

Riza

Kakalou

Nitsa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Contact tracing as an epidemiological strategy has repeatedly contributed to the containment of various past epidemics and succeeded in controlling the spread of disease in the community. Systematic training of contact tracers is crucial in ensuring the effectiveness of epidemic containment. Methods: An intensive training course was offered to 216 health and other professionals who work with vulnerable population groups, such as Roma, refugees, and migrants in Greece, by the scientific team of the postgraduate programme “Global Health-Disaster Medicine” of the Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, with the support of the Swiss embassy in Greece. The course was delivered online due to the pandemic restriction measures and was comprised of 16 h over 2 days. The course curriculum was adapted in Greek using, upon agreement, a similar training course to what was developed by the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Evaluation of the course was conducted in order to determine the short term satisfaction from participating in this training course. Results: A total of 70% of the course participants completed the evaluation questionnaires and all trainers gave feedback on the course. The training modules were ranked as extremely useful by the majority of the participants and over 50% of the participants specifically stated that the course content was directly related to their work with vulnerable groups. Content about the ethics of contact tracing and the effective communication skills presented were deemed most useful. Conclusion: The course was well organised and provided the required skills for effective contact tracing. Many course participants intend to use some components in their work with vulnerable populations groups. Contact tracing efforts work best in a systematic and coordinated way and the provision of systematic and organised training can greatly increase its effectiveness.

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“…Figure 1 summarizes immunogenetic factors discussed in the present review [ 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 ].…”

Section: Other Immune Response Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Immunogenetics in COVID-19

Pojero

Candore

Caruso

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is induced by SARS-CoV-2 and may arise as a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from an asymptomatic condition to a life-threatening disease associated with cytokine storm, multiorgan and respiratory failure. The molecular mechanism behind such variability is still under investigation. Several pieces of experimental evidence suggest that genetic variants influencing the onset, maintenance and resolution of the immune response may be fundamental in predicting the evolution of the disease. The identification of genetic variants behind immune system reactivity and function in COVID-19 may help in the elaboration of personalized therapeutic strategies. In the frenetic look for universally shared treatment plans, those genetic variants that are common to other diseases/models may also help in addressing future research in terms of drug repurposing. In this paper, we discuss the most recent updates about the role of immunogenetics in determining the susceptibility to and the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose a narrative review of available data, speculating about lessons that we have learnt from other viral infections and immunosenescence, and discussing what kind of aspects of research should be deepened in order to improve our knowledge of how host genetic variability impacts the outcome for COVID-19 patients.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Resettled Refugees

Cited by 69 publications

References 12 publications

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review

Appraisal of a Contact Tracing Training Program for COVID-19 in Greece Focusing on Vulnerable Populations

The Role of Immunogenetics in COVID-19

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