Impact of Covid-19 on rates of gestational diabetes in a North American pandemic epicenter

Auger, Nathalie; Wei, Shu Qin; Dayan, Natalie; Ukah, Ugochinyere Vivian; Quach, Caroline; Lewin, Antoine; Healy‐Profitós, Jessica; Ayoub, Aimina; Chang, Jungmin; Luu, Thuy Mai

doi:10.1007/s00592-022-02000-z

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…11 Finally, meta-analyses of 438,548 pregnant patients found that severe COVID-19 infections were associated with gestational diabetes (OR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.09-3.64) at higher rates than patients with mild COIVD-19, but not compared to patients without COVID-19. 12 The pandemic may have also contributed to rates of gestational diabetes among pregnant women generally, 13,14 and increased rates during a lockdown period were also observed. 15 This latter observation may be due to indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including emotional distress, reduced physical activity, 15 reduced access to care, and reduced access to healthier nutrition, which may have contributed to increased rates of gestational diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective chart review and literature review

Peterson¹,

Abohelwa²,

Shahbandar³

et al. 2023

The Chronicles

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Objective: Pregnant women are at a higher risk for severe 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection compared to non-pregnant women. Because of this, careful monitoring and studies of this population should be carried out. Here we identify the clinical characteristics, neonatal outcomes, and population demographics of COVID-positive pregnant women admitted to the University Medical Center in Lubbock, Texas. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed a cohort of pregnant patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and its affiliated University Medical Center between April 12, 2020, and January 25, 2021 Results: Thirty-six patients met inclusion criteria. The average patient age was 29 ± 4.8 years, and 61.1% of patients identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino origin. The mean length of stay was 3.3 ± 3.6 days, and the remaining number of weeks of pregnancy at delivery was 37.8 ± 2.3 weeks. No deaths occurred in the mothers; three pregnancies did not result in a live birth. Notable findings included an increased rate of pre-term births (18.2%), an increased rate of NICU admissions (16.7%), and an increased rate of gestational diabetes (13.9%) compared to national averages in pregnant women. Conclusions: Many of our findings confirmed the existing literature concerning pregnancy outcomes among COVID-19-positive pregnant women, including relatively high preterm birth and NICU admission rates. The number of women who identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino was high, which may reflect the overall demographics in West Texas. Furthermore, our gestational diabetes rate was also higher than the national average, possibly reflecting the high obesity rates in this area. We recommend further research on the mechanisms of preterm birth in COVID-19 illness and on ways to improve the health and healthcare outcomes in West Texas residents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective chart review and literature review

Peterson¹,

Abohelwa²,

Shahbandar³

et al. 2023

The Chronicles

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“…The possible increase in the prevalence of GDM during the pandemic may be due to several reasons, such as behavioral changes during lockdown, direct damage to pancreatic beta cells by the virus, or an infection-induced increase in insulin resistance. The following results can be derived from numerous studies on this question: ▪ GDM prevalence is increasing possibly associated with changes in screening procedures or lifestyle changes [57][58][59][60][61][62]; ▪ GDM prevalence does not change or is decreasing [63][64][65][66]; ▪ GDM is associated with a severe course of COVID-19 or insulin therapy [23,67]; ▪ Gestational weight gain (GWG) as a risk factor for GDM increases [68]. Taken together, from the existing literature there is some evidence that during the first two years of the pandemic and with low vaccination rate GDM prevalence increased locally, probably secondary to changes in lifestyle, such as less exercise, increasing BMI during lockdown, and GWG.…”

Section: Gdm Prevalence and Outcomes During The Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GDM prevalence is increasing possibly associated with changes in screening procedures or lifestyle changes 57 58 59 60 61 62 ;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Pregnancy, and Diabetes Mellitus

Kleinwechter,

Weber,

Liedtke

et al. 2023

Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol

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During the severe acute respiratory distress virus coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, many women were infected during their pregnancies. The SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has an impact on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes; peripartum and perinatal morbidity and mortality are increased. Pregnancy is considered a risk factor for severe COVID-19 course. Additional risk factors during pregnancy are diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and obesity. Systemic inflammation can lead to severe metabolic dysregulation with ketoacidosis. The endocrine pancreas is a target organ for SARS-CoV-2 and the fetal risk depends on inflammation of the placenta. Up to now there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy leads to permanent diabetes in mothers or their offspring via triggering autoimmunity or beta cell destruction. The frequently observed increased prevalence of GDM compared to the years before the pandemic is most likely due to changed lifestyle during lockdown. Furthermore, severe COVID-19 may be associated with the development of GDM due to worsening of glucose tolerance. Vaccination with a mRNA vaccine is safe and highly effective to prevent infection and to reduce hospitalization. Registries support offering evidence-based recommendations on vaccination for pregnant women. Even with the current omicron virus variant, there are increased risks for symptomatic and unvaccinated pregnant women.

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“…Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications during pregnancy, and its prevalence has locally increased during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, associated with changes in lifestyle and modified GDM screening procedures. 1 Lockdown measures and restrictions of social gatherings reduced the amount of physical activity and favored sedentary behavior, leading to adverse effects on pregnancy in women with GDM, 2 such as excessive maternal gestational weight gain, worsening of glucose tolerance, 3 and preterm birth. 4 In addition, it is well known that increasing values from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are associated with increasing adverse perinatal outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse perinatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: results from two nationwide registries in Germany

Liedtke,

Weber,

Adamczewski

et al. 2024

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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IntroductionPregnancy is a known independent risk factor for a severe course of COVID-19. The relationship of SARS-CoV-2 infection and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on neonatal outcomes is unclear. Our aim was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 infection represents an independent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancy with GDM.Research design and methodsWe compared data from two German registries including pregnant women with GDM, established during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19-Related Obstetric and Neonatal Outcome Study (CRONOS), a multicenter prospective observational study) and already existing before the pandemic (German registry of pregnant women with GDM; GestDiab). In total, 409 participants with GDM and SARS-CoV-2 infection and 4598 participants with GDM, registered 2018–2019, were eligible for analyses. The primary fetal and neonatal outcomes were defined as: (1) combined: admission to neonatal intensive care unit, stillbirth, and/or neonatal death, and (2) preterm birth before 37+0 weeks of gestation. Large and small for gestational age, maternal insulin therapy, birth weight>4500 g and cesarean delivery were considered as secondary outcomes.ResultsWomen with SARS-CoV-2 infection were younger (32 vs 33 years) and had a higher median body mass index (28 vs 27 kg/m²). In CRONOS, more neonates developed the primary outcome (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.97) and were born preterm (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.10). Fasting glucose was higher in women in CRONOS versus GestDiab (5.4 vs 5.3 mmol/L) considering each 0.1 mmol/L increase was independently associated with a 5% higher risk of preterm birth among women in CRONOS only (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09).ConclusionsGDM with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes as compared with GDM without SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Impact of Covid-19 on rates of gestational diabetes in a North American pandemic epicenter

Abstract: AimsWe assessed the impact of Covid-19 on gestational diabetes rates in Quebec, the pandemic epicenter of Canada. Methods We conducted a population-based study of 569,686 deliveries in Quebec between 2014 and 2021. We measured

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective chart review and literature review

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective chart review and literature review

COVID-19, Pregnancy, and Diabetes Mellitus

Adverse perinatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: results from two nationwide registries in Germany

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